Transcript nutreints ch 5 through 10 - Holcomb Family and Consumer

The 6 Nutrients
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Monosaccharaides
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Disaccharides
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Single sugar units, like glucose, fructose and galatose
bonded together.
Two sugar units, these split into monosaccharides
during digestion.
Polysaccharides
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Many sugar units, broken down also. Starch is an
example of this in grain products.
This is the best, why?
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Simple Carbs:
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High in simple sugars, the wrong sugars
Ex: soft drinks and candy
This is the Mono and Di
Complex Carbs:
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High in fiber and starch
Natural sugar
Breads, pastas, vegetables and fruits
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Produce Energy
Spare Protein
Break down Fats
Provide bulk in diet
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Half the calories of fat
Pasta is good and potatoes and rice are good, it
is what you put on top off them that then
makes it a bad starch to eat.
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Yes it is, so brush your teeth regular
Drink lots of water.
Watch out for chewy foods.
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Review on page 89: 2,4,6,8,10
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Define the following:
Lipids:
Triglycerides:
Fatty Acids
Saturated Fatty Acids
Unsaturated fatty acid:
Monounsaturated fatty acid:
Polyunsaturated fatty acid:
Trans-fatty acid:
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Most of the time your body can make up the
fatty acids needed for normal growth except
for two:
Linoliec:
 Linolenic:
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 You MUST get these from your diet
 If you do not the skin, liver and kidneys can be effected.
 Is like a blanket around your skin
 Vitamins A,D,E, and K
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Age: Increases with age, most after 65.
Gender: Male at greater risk, menopause protects women because of the
hormone change.
Race: African Americans twice as likely.
Family History: If one or more have had heart disease your risk increases.
Smoking High-blood Pressure: Before age 55, because heart is blocked
from tar so blood and veins work harder to pump blood to heart.
High Blood Cholesterol: AKA: hypertension: normal reading is
120/80mm of mercury. At risk if the number goes above 140/90mm.
Diabetes: damages and blocks blood vessel with fat.
Excess Weight: Need to burn off the fat, but if you are consuming more
fat than needed it makes blood vessels loose elasticity and harder for
blood to pump as fast around the body.
Inactivity: So your heart is more inactive and has to try harder to pump
and work as you get older.
Stress and Personality: over reactors, impatient, competitive, easily
irritable, negative people.
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Your lifestyle choices greatly impact if you will
get cancer.
Fruits and Veggies can help protect you.
Being active
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Invisible fats?
So, make diet changes
Read labels
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Review page 108: 2,4,5,6,8,9,12
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It is an energy yielding nutrient
Nitrogen is what makes protein different from
other nutrients.
Denaturation: molecules changing shape and
take on new characteristics.
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For example: eggs
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Build and Maintain tissues
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To form structures
50% muscles
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Regulate Mineral and Fluid Balance
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Maintain Acid-base balance
Carry vital substances
Provide energy
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A vitamin is: essential nutrient meaning life.
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Helps regulate the body.
They are vital to health and wellness
They help with:
 Nutrient metabolism
 Energy production and release
 Tissue maintenance
 Normal digestion
 Infection resistance
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Need: For growth and maintenance and reproduction, if you are
sick, growing
Deficiency:
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Insufficient amount: people in poverty, food rich in them to expensive,
pregnant women
Too Much or it moves to quickly through your body as you get older.
You can tell this is happening by diarrhea
Vitamin A: blindness (leading cause in children), dry or scaly skin, fatigue
Vitamin D: get enough calcium, bones and tissues and muscles deteriate.
Vitamin E: Enhancing athletic performance, reduce the signs of aging, but
not supported.
Vitamin K: To help clot and helps stop bleeding, need bacteria to stop this
deficiency so newborns are at the most risk and it can cause Jaundice
(yellow skin) and brain damage.
Vitamin C: makes collagen, Scurvy is the most common deficiency.
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Needed if your diet is not rich enough in
vitamins, which many Americans is not so it is
best to take one to help protect yourself.
Smokers loose a lot so need to take one.
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Review page 148: 1,3,5,6,7,8,15,17
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Macro: need a lot of
Micro: need, but in small amounts
Look at fig 9-2
They help promote:
Helping enzymes complete chemical reactions
 Becoming part of body components
 Aiding normal nerve functioning and muscle
contraction
 Promoting growth
 Regulating acid-base balance in the body
 Maintaining body fluid balance
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Breaking of bones, mainly in the wrists and
hips.
You can also loose teeth and spine starts to
compress and crush lower bones.
50% of females 65 and older suffer from this
disease.
Why? Smaller bones, more fragile, pregnancy
and breast feeding, live longer, menopause or if
you suffer from amenorrhea (what is this?)
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Page 170 questions: 2,3,4,16
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We cannot survive without water.
We can survive at least 8 weeks without food, but we
need water within a few days.
 70% water in our bodies
 Regulates body temperature
 You can get water from foods (fig-10-4)
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Need water everyday to stay healthy, but it is
possible to drink too much, causes to loose
electrolytes, and not enough cause
dehydration, and cotton mouth.
Loose water as you sweat, breath, move, bowel
movements and wastes.
Illness needs lots of fluids, why?
Exercise needs lots of water, why?
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Review page 182: 1,2,3,5,7,8,9
Nutrient label activity
Food lab on nutreints