Transcript Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration

Cellular Respiration
Chemical Pathways
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Chemical Energy & Food
Energy
1 gram Glucose = 3811 calories
but when is
A Calorie Is NOT a calorie
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Chemical Energy & Food
calorie (little c, energy unit)
– Is The Energy Needed To
• Raise 1g of Water
• 1 degree Centigrade
Calorie (Capital C)
– Food Energy Unit
– Equals 1000 calories
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Chemical Energy & Food
Cells
–Don’t BURN Glucose
–They Gradually Release The
Energy Stored In Glucose,
Through Cellular Respiration
Step #1 = Glycolysis
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Glycolysis
Key Concept:
During Glycolysis,
1. Glucose Is Broken In
Half
2. To Produce Two
Molecules Of
Pyruvic Acid
A Three Carbon Compound
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Glycolysis - Cytoplasm
Invest Two ATP’s
To Make Four ATP’s
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Net Gain =
2 ATP’s
Glycolysis
NAD+ …. Accepts 2 Electrons To Form… NADH
NADH = Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide
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Glycolysis
The Purpose of Glycolysis is
The Production of
NADH
Look Familiar?
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Overview of Cellular Respiration
Key Concept:
Cellular Respiration
Is The Process That Releases
Energy By Breaking Down
Glucose
In The Presence Of Oxygen
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Overview of Cellular Respiration
Following Glycolysis – The Pyruvic Acids
Have Two Choices
If Oxygen is
Present
The Pyruvic Acid
Is Moved Into The
Mitochondria Where
Cellular Respiration
Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport Chain
If Oxygen is NOT
Present
The Pyruvic Acid
Stays In The
Cytoplasm Where
Fermentation
Alcoholic or
Lactic Acid
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Cellular Respiration
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Glycolysis
Oxygen
Present?
No
Yes
Aerobic Respiration
Fermentation
Mitochondria
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Fermentation
Anaerobic Pathway =
No Oxygen
Key Concept:
Two Types Of Fermentation:
1. Alcoholic Fermentation
2. Lactic Acid Fermentation
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Fermentation
Why Ferment?
1. Frees Up NAD+
2. Allows Glycolysis
To Proceed
–
At least you get 2
more ATP
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Fermentation
• Alcoholic Fermentation
– Used By Yeasts & Other Microorganisms
– Used To Make Bread, Beer, etc.
• CO2 Released As Bubbles
• Alcohol Bakes Out
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Fermentation
Alcoholic Fermentation
Pyruvic Acid + NADH
Alcohol + CO2 + NAD+
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Fermentation
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Anaerobic Metabolism
Of Animal Cells
Causes Pain & Fatigue
Pyruvic Acid + NADH
Lactic Acid + NAD+
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Why Ferment?
Net Gain =
2 ATP’s
Because If You Can Ferment
You Get To
Fermentation
LIVE!
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