Transcript Bio-Chemistry

Bio-Chemistry
Biology 1
Carbon – is found in all living
things.
 4 electrons in its outer energy level
Carbon
has the ability to
bond with many different
elements.
 When carbon bonds to each other, they can
bond in the following ways
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Rings
Straight chains
Branched chains
Organic Compounds
 Organic Compounds that contain carbon
1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids
3. Proteins
4. Nucleic Acids
Organic Compounds
 Carbohydrates
Composed of carbon, hydrogen and
oxygen C – H - O
 1:2:1 ratio
 Used for energy for the body
 Examples:
 Monosaccharide
 Disaccharide
 Polysaccharide
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 Monosaccharide
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Simple carbohydrate
Single sugar
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Glucose
Fructose
Glucose
 Disaccharide
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Double sugar formed by the combination of
two simple sugars
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Sucrose = glucose + fructose
Formed by condensation synthesis
Sucrose
 Polysaccharide
 Large molecule formed when many monosaccharide’s
link together
1. Starch
 Made from plants
 Puts glucose in a chain
2. Glycogen
 Found in livers as stored food
 Puts glucose in a branched chain
3. Cellulose
 Found in cell walls of plant cells
 Puts glucose in a chain linked fence form
Organic Compounds (con’t)
 Lipids C - H - O
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Used for food storage, insulation and
protection
Lipids are insoluble because their molecules
are non-polar
Examples: Oils, fats waxes and steroids
Unsaturated lipids
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Contain double bonds between the carbon atoms
Saturated lipids
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Contain all single bonds between the carbon
atoms
Organic Compounds (con’t)
 Proteins C - H – O - N
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Essential for life
Provide Structure for tissues and organs
Make enzymes
 A protein that changes the rate of chemical reactions
Amino Acids are building blocks for proteins
 Amino Acids are linked together by forming a peptide
bond
 Number and order of amino acids determines the
proteins
Organic Compounds (con’t)
 Nucleic Acids C-H-O-N-P
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Stores genetic information in the form of a
code
Examples: DNA & RNA
Made of units called nucleotides
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Phosphate Group
Ribose Sugar
Nitrogen Base
STUDY!!!
 You have a quiz!
Bio-Chemistry Quiz
1. What are the 3 different types of Carbohydrates?
2. Give me an example of where you can find lipids?
3. Enzymes __________ chemical reactions.
(Speed up/Slow down)
4. _________ are made up of chains of Amino Acids.
5. Nucleic Acids store information in the form of ____.
EC: What are the 4 organic compounds that contain
carbon?