Transcript The Renaissance - Mrs. Duvall Art History

The Renaissance
1400-1600
1.1 The Renaissance
 Began in Florence Italy.
 Means “re-birth” after the Middle Ages-Black Plaque
 Rebirth of classical Greek and Roman
• Produced: artists, architects, scholars, and scientists in
short span of time.
• Time of creativity and change in many areas
• political, social, economic, and cultural.
• Humanism-focus on individual accomplishments
• Paintings were realistic and focused less on religious
topics.
• Rich families became patrons and commissioned great art.
(de Medici’s)
Dance – Renaissance: Court Dances
 court dances- fancy occasions for the upper class to show off in front of
nobility.
 heavy gowns, large headdresses, long lacy sleeves,
 Movements were restrained and refined. Slides, glides, small, slow
steps, poses, and curtsies.
 first court dances were done low to the ground. (basse)
 peasant dances- were lively and consisted of large, wide steps
performed mostly on grassy town squares.
Types of dances
Pavane:
 meaning “peacock.”
 a basse dance performed at
ceremonies for Kings and
Queens
 movements were slow walking
steps, which traveled forward
and backward.
Galliard:
 a lively dance, which
included a number of
hops and kicking
steps
Types of dances
The Allemande:
The Courante:
 Consisted of four dances
together
 Hands were held at all times
during this dance
 Movements were made up in
such a way as to keep partners
joined together throughout the
dance.
 Now used for a step in square
dancing.
 This dance displayed gestures
of courtship and flirtation
 The steps included walks, tiny
runs, and glides.
 Other forms of entertainment
at the court
 Jousting
1.2 Drama/Theatre - Renaissance
 Commedia dell’Arte- (Italy) means comedy of the
professional guilds of artists
 stock characters(10-12) some wore masks,
 special skills of the actors, acrobats, dancers,
musicians, and improvisers
 Slapstick humor
 short, physical comedy routines
 only venue for women actors until the English stage
in the late 17th century.
William Shakespeare (1564-1616)
Elizabethan Theater
 English-speaking playwright
 38 plays
 tragedy, comedy, and English
history
 During the reign of Elizabeth I
 His plays occur over long
periods of time, in many
locations, and involve multiple
subplots in addition to the main
plot.
 violence on stage, ghosts and
spirits.
 platform on stage in
which multiple locations
could be imagined.
 outdoor theatres
 Costuming was everyday
clothing
 Only men
Examples of Shakespeare’s plays
include:
 Tragedy:
 Romeo & Juliet, Macbeth, Hamlet, Julius Caesar, Othello
 Comedy:
 A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Twelfth Night, Much Ado
About Nothing, Taming of the Shrew
 History:
 Henry V
The Globe Theatre
 In London built in 1599
 Thrust stage
 Paid according to where you sat
 The yard or pit- paid a penny.
 The gallery two pennies for the first level, three
pennies for the second and so on.
 Color of flag flying
 Black- tragedy , white-comedy and red-history.
 Destroyed by fire in 1613
 Second Globe Theatre was built on the same site June
1614 and closed in 1642
 Virtual tour
The Summary of Taming of the Shrew
 The beautiful and gentle Bianca has no shortage of admirers (Lucentio,
Gremio and Hortensio) but her father insists that she will not marry until
her shrewish sister, Katharina, is betrothed.
 Bianca's suitors persuade fortune-seeker Petruchio to court her. The
suitors pay for any costs involved and there is also the goal of Katharina's
dowry.
 Petruchio marries Katharina and he carries Katharina off to his country
house with his servant Grumio.
 Petruchio intends to browbeat Katharina into submission and he denies
her food, sleep and her new clothes, whilst continuously singing her
praises.
 Katharina is tamed.
 They return to Padua where Lucentio has won Bianca. At a banquet they
wager on who has the most obedient wife.
 Each wife is issued with commands but only Katharina obeys and
promptly lectures everyone on the importance of wifely submission
Character Map
Taming of the Shrew
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"the shrew" refers to Katherine
"tamer of the shrew" refers to Petruccio,
sister in both the play and film have the same name, Bianca.
Baptista (the very wealthy father of Katherine and Bianca)
desires to find husbands for both his daughters, offering a
fine dowry; Bianca, the younger and fairer, gets more offers
for marriage, but Baptista, for some reason, desires his
eldest, Katherine, the "shrew," to marry first, restricting
Bianca. From there, the character who desires Bianca,
Lucentio, finds Petruccio, who only wants to marry, to
"tame" Katherine, so Lucentio accordingly can marry Bianca.
10 Things I hate about you
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“Shrew” Katarina (Kat)
"tamer" Patrick (or 'Pat').
Katarina's sister in both the play and film have the same name,
Walter (the father of Kat and Bianca), of course, desires the best for his daugters,
as fathers ought.
 To Bianca's demise, their father restricts her dating without Kat dating as well;
Bianca, the more popular, extraverted, and absent-minded of the two, for her
reasons, gets frustrated at her sister, Kat, who seems incapable of any positive
human interaction.
 For an upcoming dance, Bianca has a choice between two dates, Joey and
Cameron, but her two rivaling dates find Pat, a rebellious teenager who plays the
"shrew," and, who they think, may attract Kat, since, of course, Bianca cannot
date without Kat.
 Through Pat's often ridiculous and hilarious attempts, he wins Kat's heart,
"taming" her anti-social ways.
1.3 Renaissance Music
 Music helped to reconcile faith and reason
 Movement from monophonic (one sound) to
polyphonic
 Polyphonic: many sounds
 Multiple musical lines together
 2 or more separate voices or parts
 Rise of instrumental and secular music (non-religious)
Council of Trent (1545-1562)
Reformation in the
Catholic church
 Changes in music
& mass
 Away from
polyphonic
 Distracted from
text
 Wanted
monophonic
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina
 1525-1594
 Italian Renaissance Composer
 polyphony
 perfect balance of voices, seamless phrasing
 the sound seems to never stop
 Every voice part is equally important
 Pope Marcellus Mass
 Well-known work
Other Composers
 John Dowland (1563-1626)
 William Byrd (1543/1623)
 English wrote church/liturgical
 English known for
music
melancholy songs- "Flow my
tears”
 Claudio Monteverdi (1567-1643)
 Italian composer, marked the
 Orlando di Lasso (1532-1594)
transition from the
 Franco-Flemish who studied
Renaissance style of music to
polyphonic style
that of the Baroque period.
 Opera-L'Orfeo,
Types of Music
Motet
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Sacred music used in the Mass
Sung in Latin
Polyphonic, use of Imitation
Performed a cappella with
pure sound
 Performed by a small chorus
Madrigal
 Secular music
 Use several languages (English,
Italian)
 Performed by a small chorus
 Polyphonic, use of Imitation
 Texts are sometimes about erotic
love
 Use of word painting
 Performed at a faster tempo
 Used at courtly social gatherings
1.1 Visual Art - Renaissance
 Renaissance art united Christian
faith and human reason.
 Wealthy individuals and families
supported learning and the arts
through a system of patronage.
 Wealthy patrons commissioned
personal portraits, landscapes,
and nudes.
 Lorenzo de Medici was a
member of the wealthiest family
in Florence
 Artists studied Classical
Greek and Roman
sculptures, as well as the
science of anatomy
 Linear perspective and
atmospheric was discovered
and allowed a completely
realistic viewpoint.
 Oil paint was invented in
Northern Europe, and
allowed artists to better
capture realistic details.
Characteristics of
Renaissance Art
1. Realism &
 Expulsion
from
Expression
the Garden
 Masaccio
 1427
 First nudes since
classical times.
2. Perspective
The Trinity
Perspective!
Perspective!
Perspective!
Perspective!
Perspective!
Perspective!
Masaccio
1427
Perspective!
First use
of linear
perspective!
What you are,
I once was;
what I am,
you will
become.
3. Classicism
Greco-Roman
influence.
Secularism.
Humanism.
Individualism  free
standing figures.
Symmetry/Balance
The “Classical Pose”
Medici “Venus” (1c)
4. Emphasis on Individualism
 Batista Sforza & Federico de Montefeltre: The
Duke & Dutchess of Urbino
 Piero della Francesca, 1465-1466.
5. Geometrical Arrangement of
Figures
 The Dreyfus
Madonna
with the
Pomegranate
 Leonardo da
Vinci
 1469
 The figure as
architecture!
6. Light & Shadowing/Softening Edges
Sfumato
Chiaroscuro
7. Artists as Personalities/Celebrities
Lives of the Most
Excellent
Painters,
Sculptors, and
Architects
Giorgio Vasari
1550
The Renaissance “Man”
 Broad knowledge about many things in
different fields.
 Deep knowledge/skill in one area.
 Able to link information from different
areas/disciplines and create new knowledge.
 The Greek ideal of the “well-rounded man”
was at the heart of Renaissance education.
Famous Artists
 Leonardo da Vinci (1452)
 Botany, anatomy, music, architect, engineer
 Dissected corpses to learn how bones and muscles
work.
 Renaissance Man Song
 Mona Lisa and The Last Supper
Leonardo, the Artist
 The Virgin of
the Rocks
 Leonardo da
Vinci
 1483-1486
Leonardo, the Artist:
From hisNotebooks of over 5000 pages (1508-1519)
Mona Lisa – da Vinci, 1503-4
A Macaroni Mona
A Picasso Mona
An Andy Warhol Mona
A “Mona”ca Lewinsky
Mona Lisa OR da Vinci??
The Last Supper - da Vinci, 1498
& Geometry
Refractory
Convent of Santa
Maria delle
Grazie
Milan
vertical
The Last Supper - da Vinci, 1498
horizontal
Perspective!
Deterioration
 Detail of
Jesus
 The Last
Supper
 Leonardo da
Vinci
 1498
Leonardo, the Sculptor
 An
Equestrian
Statue
 1516-1518
Leonardo, the Architect:
Pages from his Notebook
Study of a
central church.
1488
Leonardo, the Architect:
Pages from his Notebook
Plan of the city of Imola, 1502.
Leonardo, the Scientist (Biology):
Pages from his Notebook
An example of
the humanist
desire to unlock
the secrets of
nature.
Leonardo, the Scientist (Anatomy):
Pages from his Notebook
Leonardo, the Inventor:
Pages from his Notebook
Family
Guy
Leonardo, the Engineer:
A study of siege defenses.
Pages from
his Notebook
Studies of water-lifting
devices.
Michelangelo Buonorrati (1475)
 Sculptor, engineer, painter, architect
 Pieta, which captures the sorrow of Mary as she
cradles the dead Christ on her knees.
 Statue of David
 Sistine Chapel in Rome painted ceiling
Michelangelo
 He represented
the body in
three
dimensions of
sculpture.
 David
 1504
 Marble
15c
What
a
difference
a
century
makes!
16c
The Pieta
1499
marble
The Sistine Chapel
1508 - 1512
The Sistine Chapel’s Ceiling
Michelangelo Buonarroti
1508 - 1512
The Sistine Chapel Details
The
Creation
of the
Heavens
The Sistine Chapel Details
Creation of Man
A Modern “Adaptation”
Joe Gallo in the New York Daily News, 2004
The Sistine Chapel Details
The Fall
from
Grace
The Sistine Chapel Details
The Last Judgment
Raphael (1483)
 Painter
 Raphael studied
Michelangelo and da Vinci
 Blended Christian and
Classical styles.
 Best known for his tender
portrayals of the Madonna,
the mother of Jesus.
 The School of Athens
Raffaello Sanzio (1483-1520)
Self-Portrait, 1506
Portrait of the Artist with
a Friend, 1518
Baldassare Castiglione by Raphael,
1514-1515
 Castiglione
represented the
humanist
“gentleman” as
a man of
refinement and
self-control.
Perspective!
Betrothal
of the Virgin
Raphael
1504
Raphael’s Canagiani Madonna, 1507
Raphael’s Madonnas (1)
Sistine Madonna
Cowpepper Madonna
Raphael’s Madonnas (2)
Madonna della Sedia
Alba Madonna
The School of Athens – Raphael, 1510 -11
 One point perspective.
 All of the important Greek philosophers and
thinkers are included A great variety of
poses.
 No Christian themes here.
The School of Athens – Raphael, 1510 -11
Da Vinci
Raphael
Michelangelo
The School of Athens – Raphael, details
Plato:
looks to the
heavens [or
the IDEAL
realm].
Aristotle:
looks to this
earth [the
here and
now].
Botticelli
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1445-1510
Was a member of the Medici family
His real name was Alessandro Filipepi
Liked to paint religious paintings for churches
Most famous work is The Birth of Venus
Birth of Venus – Botticelli, 1485
An attempt to depict perfect beauty.
Northern Renaissance Art
 The continuation of late medieval
attention to details.
 Tendency toward realism & naturalism
[less emphasis on the “classical ideal”].
 Interest in landscapes.
 More emphasis on middle-class and
peasant life.
 Details of domestic interiors.
 Great skill in portraiture.
Jan van Eyck (1395 – 1441)
 Developed oil painting
 More courtly and
aristocratic work.
 Court painter to the
Duke of Burgundy,
Philip the Good.
 The Virgin and
Chancellor Rolin, 1435.
Van Eyck -Adoration of the Lamb, Ghent
Altarpiece, 1432
Van Eyck:
 The Crucifixion
&
The Last Judgment 
1420-1425
Giovanni Arnolfini
and His Wife
(Wedding Portrait)
Jan Van Eyck
1434
Jan van Eyck - Giovanni Arnolfini & His
Wife
(details)
Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528)
 The greatest of German
artists.
 A scholar as well as an artist.
 Scientist
 Wrote books on geometry,
fortifications, and human
proportions.
 Self-conscious individualism
of the Renaissance is seen in
his portraits.
  Self-Portrait at 26, 1498.
Dürer – Self-Portrait in Fur-Collared
Robe, 1500
Pieter Bruegel the Elder (1525-1569)
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One of the greatest artistic geniuses of his age.
In touch with humanists thoughts.
Was deeply concerned with human vice and follies.
A master of landscapes.
 People in his works often have round, blank, heavy
faces.
 They are expressionless, mindless, and sometimes
malicious.
 They are types, rather than individuals.
 Their purpose is to convey a message.
Bruegel’s, Mad Meg, 1562
Bruegel’s, The Beggars, 1568
Bruegel’s, Parable of the Blind Leading
the Blind, 1568
Bruegel’s, Niederlandisch Proverbs, 1559
Renaissance Art Game
 http://flashnhistory.com/FlashPrograms/RenaissanceA
rt3.swf
Renaissance Review
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Time of rebirth after dark Middle Ages
Artwork flourished
“renaissance man”-someone who could do it all
Dances were performed at the King’s court or in
grassy towns by peasants.
 People wore heavy garments
 Shakespeare wrote plays that were performed at the
Globe theatre in London.