Transcript Stress - Harlem Children Society

By
Simona Daniela Morhan
Introduction
Diabetes- very high level of glucose in the body that causes
deregulation of the metabolism.
Oxidative stress- overproduction of reactive oxygen species.
Type 1 Diabetes
Type 2 Diabetes
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Insulin dependent diabetes
Not enough insulin in the body
People under 30 years of age
Daily insulin treatment to
sustain a person’s life
Non-insulin dependent
People over 40 years of age
Family history with diabetes
Treatment can be made by diet
changes and oral medication
Oxidative stress
Oxidative stress takes place while oxygen
free radical are produced in a very large
amount through the diminution of oxygen.
Oxidative stress makes damages in a cell,
tissue, or organ caused by free radicals.
Oxidative Stress and Diabetes
Oxidative stress functions on both sides
meaning that it helps in the progression
and the development of diabetes.
Oxidative stress is an important mediator
of vascular complication in diabetes.
Complications in Diabetes
Caused by Oxidative Stress
Cardiovascular
Complications
Neuropathy
Complications
 Coronary Artery Disease
 Peripheral Vascular
Disease
 Cerebrovascular disease
 Dementia (Alzheimer’s
Disease)
Oxidative Stress and
Cardiovascular Complications
 Oxidative stress is a regular characteristic of
diabetic complications when the action of
antioxidant systems is overwhelmed by
additional production of reactive oxygen species.
 Oxidative stress in aging can result from an
imbalance of perooxidants and antioxidants with
excessive, destructive free radical chemistry.
Oxidative Stress and Neuropathy
Complications
 Oxidative stress leads to both neuronal and vascular
cells and participates in breakdown of neuronal
phenotype in experimental diabetic neuropathy.
 Oxidative stress is believed to have an important
responsibility in the formation of Alzheimer’s disease on
account of the fact that it participates in both nuclear
DNA and membrane phosphatidylserine exposure in
neuronal and vascular cells to promote loss of cellular
integrity, microglial phagocytosis, and thrombotic
destruction.
Mitochondria
 Mitochondria-are important organelles that have
some roles in the cell, which are amino acid
biosynthesis, fatty acid oxidation, and steroid
metabolism.
Mitochondria and Oxidative Stress
Mitochondria-recognized to be a very
important source of superoxide radicals
and others reactive oxygen species that
are connected with oxidative stress.
Insulin resistance
Insulin resistance takes place when the
cell no longer responds well to insulin.
Insulin Resistance and Oxidative
Stress
Oxidative stress has the ability to lower
insulin sensitivity and injure the insulin
producing cells within the pancreas.
Oxidative stress modifies the signaling
pathway within a cell installing insulin
resistance.
Antioxidants
Antioxidants are substances that inhibit
the destructive effect of oxidation.
Antioxidants: glutathione, glutathione
peroxidase and reductase, vitamins A, C,
E, catalase, and enzyme superoxide
dismutase.
Antioxidants and Oxidative
Stress
Antioxidants work as inhibitors in the
destructive effect of oxidation and are
needed for improving or stopping the
development of diabetes.
Conclusion
Oxidative stress has been demonstrated
to participate in the progression of
diabetes.
Oxidative stress plays an important role
during diabetes, including impairment of
insulin action and elevation of complication
incidence.
Antioxidants have already shown to be
prospective in the treatment for diabetes in
both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.