Transcript Organic Macromolecules

Organic
Macromolecules
•Large
molecules that
are found in all
living
organisms
4 major classes:
carbohydrates,
lipids, proteins,
nucleic acids
Organic:
Defined as any molecule that has
multiple-linked carbons. Usually come
from living components
3 possible shapes:
(draw pictures)
How organic
molecules are broken
down and built up
1. Dehydration
Synthesis
(condensation): join 2
smaller molecules to
create a large
molecule by removing
water.
De-off, hydro-water,
synthesis:
create/make
(draw picture)
2. Hydrolysis: breaking
down a large
molecule into smaller
molecules by adding
water.
Hydro-water, lysis- to
split
(draw pictures)
2. Hydrolysis: breaking
down a large
molecule into smaller
molecules by adding
water.
Hydro-water, lysis- to
split
(draw pictures)
Organic Macromolecules
Class
Typical Monomer
Roles & Functions
Examples
Carbohydrates
Monosaccharide
(Simple Sugars)
1. Store/source of Energy
2.Glues strength and
rigidity to plants
(structural
component
Glucose (starch,
glycogen)
Cellulose
Chitin
Lipids
Fatty Acids
+
Glycerol
1. Store/source of Energy
2.Forms protective ear
3.Structural Component
4.Stereriod hormones
Wax
Body fats
Cell membrane
Testosterone
Cholesterol
Proteins
Amino Acids
1. Serve as Enzymes
2 Structural Components
3. Peptide Hormones
Lactose, muscles,
hair, cartilage, skin,
insulin
Nucleic Acids
Nucleotides
1.Manufaturing Proteins
2.Store (heredity)
information
DNA & RNA
Section 6.3 Organic
Macromolecules
Classify an variety of organic
compounds
Describe how polymers are formed and
broken down in organics
Compare the chemical structure of
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and
nucleic acids and how they are related
to living things.
Monomer
A monomer is a molecule that is able to
bond in long chains.
Here is a monomer:
Polymer
Polymer means many monomers.
Sometimes polymers are also known as
macromolecules or large-sized
molecules.
Usually, polymers are organic (but not
necessarily).
A polymer can be made up of thousands
of monomer.
This linking up of monomers is called
polymerization.
Carbohydrates
Any of the group of organic compounds
consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and
oxygen, examples
sugar
starch
Cellulose
Carbohydrates are produced in green
plants by photosynthesis and serve as a
major source of energy in animal diets.
They also serve as structural components,
such as cellulose in plants and chitin in
some animals.
Monosaccharide
(1) A simple sugar

examples
Fructose
Glucose
Ribose
(2) The simplest form of carbohydrate;
therefore, it cannot be broken down to
simpler sugars by hydrolysis.
Disaccharide
A sugar made of two monosaccharides

example
Sucrose
Lactose
Maltose
The simplest form of carbohydrate;
therefore, it cannot be broken down to
simpler sugars by hydrolysis.
Polysaccharide
A sugar made of multiple
monosaccharides

example
Starch
Glycogen
Cellulose
Could be made up of several thousand
units
Lipids
Are composed of glycerol and usually
two or three fatty acid molecules


3 fatty acids would be called … triglyceride
“Bread” and pastries often contain monoand diglycerides as “dough conditioners.”
Are hydrophobic
This group of molecules includes fats and
oils, waxes, phospholipids, and steroids
(like cholesterol).
Proteins
Very complex molecules composed of
different numbers and types of monomers
called amino acids
A typical protein contains 200–300 amino
acids but some are much smaller.
 the smallest are often called peptides
 some much larger (the largest to date is
titin a protein found in skeletal and
cardiac muscle; it contains 26,926 amino
acids in a single chain!).
Nucleic Acids
The building blocks of living organisms


DNA
RNA
Monomers: Nucleotides
These nucleotides are made of three
parts.
1. A 5-carbon sugar
2. A nitrogenous base (N) atom
3. Phosphate