Transcript Chapter 6-3: Life Substances

Chapter 6-3: Life
Substances
Isomers
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Molecules with same formula but it makes
two different things
Ex: C6H12O6 makes both glucose and
fructose
Polymers
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Really big molecules that are formed
from lots of smaller molecules
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Ex: Lots of legos build a castle
Polymers cont…
 Condensation—process
builds polymers
that
Polymers cont…
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Hydrolysis—process that breaks
polymers apart
Carbohydrates
Polymer made up of sugars
 Used for quick energy
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Carbohydrate cont…
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Monosaccharide—simple sugar
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Glucose—what plants “eat”
Fructose—sugar in fruit
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Carbohydrate cont…
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Disaccharide—Two sugars
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Sucrose (table sugar)—like candy
Carbohydrate cont…
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Polysaccharide—many sugars
Starch—found in potatoes and pasta
Glycogen—found in liver
Cellulose—found in green plants
Lipids
AKA: Fats and Oils
 It’s nonpolar, so water cannot
dissolve it
 Used to store energy, insulate and
protect
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Lipids cont…
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Saturated—bad for you (butter)
Unsaturated—good for you (peanut butter)
Proteins
Polymer made up of amino acids
 Peptide bond—holds amino acids
together into a protein
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Proteins cont…
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Make up hair, nails, horns and hoofs
Proteins cont…
Help contract muscles
 Transport oxygen in blood
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Proteins cont…
Provide immunity (fights off disease)
 Carry out chemical reactions
 Ex: Enzyme (speeds up chemical
reaction)
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Nucleic Acids
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Polymer made up of nucleotides
Nucleic Acids cont…
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DNA—Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Contains instructions on how to make a
protein
Contains genetic information
Nucleic Acids cont…
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RNA—Ribonucleic Acid
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Helps make proteins