Transcript sugar
Biological Molecules Revised 8/30/2006 Compounds of Life Four Groups Carbohydrates Lipids Nucleic Acids Proteins Compounds of Life Carbohydrates Lipids/membranes Nucleic Acids Proteins Sugars Fatty Acids Nucleotides Amino Acids Carbohydrates Sugars store energy in chemical bonds Organisms break bonds to release energy Contain C,H and O. Ratio 1:2:1. Monosaccharides – Plants Galactose - Milk Fructose - Fruits Glucose Galactose Glucose Ring Galactose Ribose Sugar of RNA D because the CH2OH Group is outside the ring Deoxyribose Sugar of DNA Carbon to carbon single bond Monomers have a double bond The bond breaks and chain is formed Polymer Examples Polyethylene plastic bottles, bags and toys Polypropylene indoor-outdoor carpeting, molded parts (not heart valves) Polyvinyl chloride vinyl fences, PVC pipes etc. Teflon cooking utensil coating, artificial joints and electrical insulation Polystyrene toys, Styrofoam and simulated wood furniture HOW bout’ that???? Sucrose Lactose Maltose Two D-glucose units Lipids Glycerol + 3 Fatty Acids Saturated Fats Single Bonds on Fatty Acid chain palmitic acid No double bonds present Carbon chain up to 24 in length Dietary effect is increase in blood cholesterol level Monosaturated Fats One Double Bond on Fatty Acid Chain Oleic Acid Contain up to 24 carbon atoms One double is present in the carbon chain Dietary effect is little change in blood cholesterol level Polyunsaturated Fats Many Double Bonds on Fatty Acid Chain Linoleic Acid Carbon chain length up to 24 2 or more double bonds present Dietary effect is decrease in blood cholesterol level Phospholipids Hydrophilic polar (water loving) Hydrophobic two non-polar (water fearing) Phospholipid Bilayer Aligned tail to tail. Hydrophobic region within membrane. Hydrophilic heads on the inner and outer surfaces of the membrane. DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid Genetic Code 3-D Structure Nucleotide Deoxyribose (sugar) Phosphoric Acid Nitrogen bases Adenine Thymine Guanine Cytosine 07_03_RNA _v_DNA.jpg Size and Shape Comparison of Proteins 20 Amino Acids Amino Acids Amino Acids Hydrophilic Hydrophobic Negative Charge Positive Charge Uncharged Polar Nonpolar Peptide Bonds Proteins are formed by peptide bonds Remove water Called dehydration Peptide Bonds