Transcript Ecology Review Science Department

Macromolecules Review
Science Department
Biology
YM, 2010
1. Define Organic.
1. Define Organic

Molecules that have the element CARBON
2. Define Monomer
2. Define Monomer.
Small, simple units
3. What are polymers?
3. What are polymers?
Larger units made of monomers
4. Define polymerization.
4. Define polymerization.
Process of creating
large, macromolecules
5. What are the four groups of
macromolecules?
5. What are the four
groups of macromolecules?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Lipids
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Nucleic acids
6. What elements make up
a LIPID?
6. What elements make up
a LIPID?
carbon and hydrogen
7. What is the monomer of
a LIPID?
7. What is the monomer of
a LIPID?
1 glycerol head and 3 fatty-acids tails
1-Glycerol
Head
3-Fatty
Acid Tails
8. What are four common
examples of a LIPID?
8. What are four common
examples of a LIPID?
Fats, oils, waxes and steroids
 9.
What are the elements in
carbohydrates?
 9.
What are the elements in
carbohydrates?
 Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen
10. What is the function of
carbohydrates?
10. What is the function of
carbohydrates?
Main source of energy in living
things.
11. What are the
monomers of a
carbohydrate?
11. What are the monomers
of a carbohydrate?
Monosaccharide
12. What is the polymer of
a carbohydrate?
12. What is the polymer
of a carbohydrate?
Polysaccharide
13. Give two examples
of a monosaccharide.
13. Give two examples
of a monosaccharide.
Glucose, Fructose
14. Give two examples
of a polysaccharide.
14. Give two examples
of a polysaccharide.
Starch (plants)
Glycogen (animals)
15. Benedict’s solution.
Which group of
carbohydrates will produce
a POSITIVE test?
15. Benedict’s solution.
Which group of
carbohydrates will produce
a POSITIVE test?
Monosaccharides
15. Benedict’s solution.
How does it worK
15. Benedict’s solution.
How does it work?
In the presence of a
MONOSACCHARIDE and HEAT, it
changes from BLUE to RED/ORANGE.
16. Lugol’s Iodine solution.
Which group of carbohydrates
will produce a POSITIVE test?
16. Lugol’s Iodine solution.
Which group of carbohydrates
will produce a POSITIVE test?
Starches
16. Lugol’s Iodine solution.
How does it work?
In the presence of a starch, it
changes from BROWN to
BLUISH/BLACK.
17. What is the function of
a Nucleic Acid?
17. What is the function of
a Nucleic Acid?
Store and transmit genetic
information
18. What is the
monomer of a nucleic
acid?
18. What is the
monomer of a nucleic
acid?
Nucleotide
19. Two types of nucleic
acids are _____ and
_____.
19. Two types of nucleic
acids are _____ and
_____.
DNA and RNA
20. What are the
elements that make up a
protein?
20. What are the
elements that make up a
protein?
CHON
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and
nitrogen
21. What is the
monomer of a protein?
21. What is the
monomer of a protein?
Amino Acid
22. What is the function
of a protein?
22. What is the function
of a protein?
Form muscles and bones,
transport substances, and control
the rate of reactions in the body.
23. Define Activation
Energy.
23. Define Activation
Energy.
The energy needed to start a
chemical reaction.
Ex: Match starts a campfire
24. Define Catalyst.
24. Define Catalyst.
Chemicals that can speed up a
chemical reaction.
25. What is the
difference between a
catalyst and an enzyme?
25. What is the
difference between a
catalyst and an enzyme?
Enzymes are found in LIVING
things and are used over and
over.
26. How is a match
similar to an enzyme?
26. How is a match
similar to an enzyme?
Both are catalysts.
27. What is an enzyme
and what does it do?
27. What is an enzyme
and what does it do?
A Biological catalyst that speeds
up reactions by decreasing
activation energy.
28. What factors can affect
the functioning of an
enzyme?
28. What factors can affect
the functioning of an
enzyme?
Change in:
pH
Temperature
Salinity (ions)
Substrate (starting ingredient) concentration
29. What does the word
“Denature” mean?
29. What does the word
“Denature” mean?
The proteins’ natural structure is
permanently changed.
30. What are the conditions
that affect enzyme activity?
30. What are the conditions
that affect enzyme activity?
Change in pH, temperature, or
substrate concentration.
31. What happens if any of
these conditions is altered?
31. What happens if any of
these conditions is altered?
Denaturation
Apply your knowledge!

Why does a tomato ripen faster at room
temperature versus leaving it in the
refrigerator?
Apply your knowledge!

Why does a tomato ripen faster at room
temperature versus leaving it in the
refrigerator?

The enzyme does not work as fast in cold
temperatures.
Apply your knowledge!
 Why
does the egg white of an egg
become opaque and firm when
heated?
Apply your knowledge!
 Why
does the egg white of an egg
become opaque and firm when
heated?
 The
protein, albumin, gets denatured!
Study!