Transcript Introduction to Blood

Transport Systems
Chapters: 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 and
16
Learner Outcomes
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To compare the interactions among transport systems.
To identify and describe the factors that alter the normal
functions of transport systems.
Identify how energy is processed and stored by the
digestive system.
Analyze the physical, chemical, and biological properties
of transport systems.
Analyze the effects of energy deficiencies in
malabsorption disorders.
Evaluate the cause and effect of aging, disease, and
trauma on transport systems.
To identify the role of transport systems in the carrying
of materials and the process of waste disposal.
Concept Map
In the middle of your page write the word Blood.
 Around that word, along the periphery of your
page, write the 11 organ systems of the human
body.
 Draw a line to connect each system to the
blood. On each line write a way that blood
connects to that system to help in the
maintenance of homeostasis in the human body
(although blood provides nutrients and gases
and removes waste from each system, try to
think beyond this function.)
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Cardiovascular System:
Blood
Chapter 11
Please observe this slide of human blood. What general type of tissue is this
classified as? What are the two components that make up this tissue? Name all
of the cells that you can identify in this slide.
Blood is connective tissue
that consists of two parts:
plasma (liquid matrix) and
the formed elements (cells
and cell fragments). The
plasma accounts for 55% of
the total blood volume and
the formed elements are
about 45% of the blood.
The total blood volume is
about 4-5 L in females and
5-6 L in males.
Functions of the Blood
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Transportation: O2, CO2,
nutrients, wastes,
hormones, precursors,
and bacteria.
Maintenance: maintains
homeostasis with
hormones and enzymes,
maintains pH between
7.35 and 7.45, electrolyte
balances, temperature
regulation, restoration
and repair (blood clots).
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Protection: Cells and
chemical in the blood are
important factors of the
immune system. Blood
clotting prevents
excessive fluid loss.
Blood Anatomy - Plasma
91% water and 9%
proteins, ions, nutrients,
gases, and waste
products.
Plasma Proteins:
1) Albumin makes up 58%
of the plasma proteins
and it is important in the
regulation of water
movement between
tissues and blood.
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2) Globulins account for the
other 38% of the plasma
proteins. Some globulins
functions as parts of the
immune system and
others function as
transport molecules.
3) Fibrinogen is 4% of the
plasma proteins and is
responsible for the
formation of blood clots.
Blood Anatomy – Formed Elements
95% erythrocytes or
red blood cells.
 5% leukocytes or
white blood cells and
platelets
(thrombocytes).
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Leukocytes are
classified into two
categories based on
the presence or
absence of granules
in the cytoplasm.
GRANULOCYTES and
AGRANULOCYTES
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Hemopoesis or Hematopoesis is
different in developing vs.
mature humans:
•In the embryo and fetus tissues
such as the yolk sac, liver,
thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, and
red bone marrow all contribute to
blood formation.
•In the adult, hemopoiesis is
confined to the red bone marrow
with some assistance from the
lymphoid tissue.
All formed elements of the
blood are derived from a
single population of stem
cells called
hemocytoblasts. The
differentiation of cells
is regulated by a specific
growth factor.
Hemopoiesis and
Erythropoiesis.
•You will be assigned to trace and describe the
formation and differentiation of Red Blood
Cells (erythropoiesis), thrombocytes, or
Leukocytes.
•As a group please diagram the life cycle of
these cell types including the location of
differentiation and what is happening at each
stage to change the cell until it reaches
maturity in the blood stream as either an
erythrocyte, thrombocyte, or a leukocyte.
•Please also summarize each of the functions of
the mature cells.
•Be prepared to report out on this information.
Hemoglobin
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Consists of 4 protein
chains and 4 heme
groups.
The protein is the globin
and is bound to one
heme, which is a redpigment containing an
atom of iron.
The four globins in
normal adult hemoglobin
consists of two alpha
chains and two beta
chains.
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Abnormal hemoglobins
are less effective at
attracting oxygen than is
normal hemoglobin.
What disorder could this
result in?
Iron is needed for the
normal function of
hemoglobin due to the
fact that it is the binding
site for oxygen. How
does that relate to the
symptoms of the disorder
identified above?
Hemoglobin Continued:
Iron absorption is
regulated according
to need, and iron
deficiency can result
in anemia.
 When hemoglobin is
exposed to oxygen, 1
molecule of oxygen
becomes associated
with each heme
group.
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Carbon dioxide is also
transported, but it
attaches to the amino
groups of the globin
molecule.
End of Day 1