Transcript Section 9-2 - local.brookings.k12.sd.us

Interest Grabber
Section 9-2
Rolling and Folding
Some of the steps in cellular respiration take
place in the membrane inside the cell structure
called the mitochondrion, which has a folded
inner membrane. What purpose do these folds
serve?
To find out the answer to this question, perform
this activity.
Go to
Section:
Interest Grabber continued
Section 9-2
1. Obtain two sheets of paper and a metric ruler. What
is the surface area of the paper?
2. Roll one sheet of paper into a tube lengthwise. What
is the surface area of the rolled paper?
3. Fold the second sheet of paper into a fan. Then, roll
the first
sheet of paper around the folded paper so it is inside
the rolled paper.
What has happened to the surface area of the inside
of the rolled paper?
4. What would be the value of increasing the surface
area of the membrane inside a mitochondrion?
Go to
Section:
Interest Grabber continued
Section 9-2
1.Obtain two sheets of paper and a metric
ruler. What is the surface area of the
paper?
The area will vary depending on the size
of paper used. A sheet of notebook
paper has an area of approximately 600
cm3.
Go to
Section:
Interest Grabber continued
Section 9-2
2.Roll one sheet of paper into a tube
lengthwise. What is the surface area of
the rolled paper?
The surface area is the same as the
original sheet of paper.
Go to
Section:
Interest Grabber continued
Section 9-2
3.Fold the second sheet of paper into a
fan. Then, roll the first
sheet of paper around the folded paper
so it is inside the rolled paper.
What has happened to the surface area
of the inside of the rolled paper? The
surface area has increased (surface
area of rolled paper + surface area of
folded paper).
Go to
Section:
Interest Grabber continued
Section 9-2
4. What would be the value of
increasing the surface area of the
membrane inside a mitochondrion?
Increasing the surface area
increases the amount of space
where chemical reactions can take
place.
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Section:
Section Outline
Section 9-2
9–2
The Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport
A.
B.
C.
D.
The Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport
The Totals
Energy and Exercise
1. Quick Energy
2. Long-Term Energy
E. Comparing Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
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Section:
Chemical Pathways
Section 9-1
Glucose
Glycolysis
Krebs
cycle
Electron
transport
Fermentation
(without oxygen)
The “fork in the road” happens following
glycolysis. It just depends if oxygen is
absent
or present in deciding the path it
Go to
Section: next.
takes
Alcohol or
lactic acid
Figure 9–6 The Krebs Cycle
Section 9-2
Citric Acid
Production
Mitochondrion
We will focus on the citric
acid production first.
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Section:
Video 1
Aerobic Respiration
• Chapter 09A.mpg video
Flowchart
Section 9-2
Cellular Respiration
Glucose
(C6H1206)
+
Oxygen
(02)
Glycolysis
Krebs
Cycle
Electron
Transport
Chain
Carbon
Dioxide
(CO2)
+
Water
(H2O)
We will next focus on the Krebs Cycle. This
is the path that is taken when oxygen is
present.
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Section:
Figure 9–6 The Krebs Cycle
Section 9-2
Citric Acid
Production
Mitochondrion
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Section:
Video 3
Krebs Cycle, Part 1
• Chapter 09C.mpg video
Krebs Cycle Animation-(select #1)
Acetyl-CoA Formation:
•The end product of glycolysis was pyruvic acid
(also known as pyruvate). The pyruvic acid enters
the mitochondrion.
•The pyruvic acid & coenzyme A combine to form
acetyl-CoA.
•1 carbon atom from pyruvic acid becomes part of
carbon dioxide and is released into the air.
•1 CO2 and 1 NADH are produced.
Krebs Cycle Animation-(select #2)
Citric Acid Formation:
•Pyruvic acid combines with oxaloacetic
acid (oxaloacetate) to form citric acid, a 6carbon molecule.
Krebs Cycle Animation-(select #3)
Electron Carriers are Reduced:
•In each turn of the Krebs cycle, the cell
quickly converts a molecule GTP
(guanosine triphosphate) into ADP
producing ATP.
•A pair of high-energy electrons is
accepted by electron carriers, changing
NAD+ to NADH and FAD into FADH2.
Video 4
Krebs Cycle, Part 2
• Chapter 09D.mpg video
Krebs Cycle (continued)
•1 pyruvic acid generates 3 CO2
4 NADH
1 FADH2
1 ATP
Flowchart
Section 9-2
Cellular Respiration
Glucose
(C6H1206)
+
Oxygen
(02)
Glycolysis
Krebs
Cycle
Electron
Transport
Chain
We will next focus on the Electron
Transport Chain.
Go to
Section:
Carbon
Dioxide
(CO2)
+
Water
(H2O)
Video 5
Electron Transport Chain, Part 1
• Chapter 09E.mpg
Video 6
Electron Transport Chain, Part 2
• Chapter 09F.mpg video
Electron Transport Chain Animation(select start, continue, and #1)
Electron Transport Chain:
•High-energy electrons from NADH are
passed along the electron transport chain.
•Every time 2 high-energy electrons
transport down the electron transport
chain, their energy is used to transport
hydrogen ions (H+) across the membrane.
Electron Transport Chain Animation(select start, continue, and #2)
Electron Transport Chain:
•High-energy electrons from FADH2 are
passed along the electron transport chain.
•Every time 2 high-energy electrons
transport down the electron transport chain,
their energy is used to transport hydrogen
ions (H+) across the membrane.
Electron Transport Chain Animation(select start, continue, and #3)
Electron Transport Chain:
•The high concentration of hydrogen ions in
the intermembrane space represents
potential energy that is harnessed to make
ATP.
•As H+ escape through protein channels,
ATP synthase spin.
•Each time is rotates, ATP synthase grabs a
low-energy ADP and attaches a phosphate
forming ATP.
Electron Transport Chain:
At the end of the electron transport chain,
is an enzyme that combines the electrons
with the hydrogen ions and oxygen to
form water.
Oxygen serves as the final electron
acceptor of the electron transport chain.
Figure 9–7 Electron Transport Chain
Section 9-2
Electron Transport
Hydrogen Ion Movement
Channel
Mitochondrion
Intermembrane
Space
ATP synthase
Inner
Membrane
Matrix
ATP Production
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Section:
Figure 9–2 Cellular Respiration: An Overview
Section 9-1
Mitochondrion
Electrons carried in NADH
Pyruvic
acid
Glucose
Glycolysis
Krebs
Cycle
Electrons
carried in
NADH and
FADH2
Electron
Transport
Chain
Mitochondrion
Cytoplasm
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Section:
• KREBS CYCLE
acid
• (also called theCitric
___________
CYCLE)
•
•
•
•
•
Happens in mitochondria
___________
STROMA
Hydrogen
NADPH donates _______________
ENERGY
ATP donates _________________
CO2 donates
Carbon & oxygen
_________________________
to make __________
GLUCOSE
SOUTH DAKOTA
CORE SCIENCE STANDARDS
LIFE SCIENCE:
Indicator 1: Understand the fundamental structures,
functions, classifications, and mechanisms found
in living things
• 9-12.L.1.1. Students are able to relate cellular
functions and processes to specialized
structures within cells.
• Photosynthesis and respiration
•
ATP-ADP energy cycle
Role of enzymes
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
Core High School Life Science
Performance Descriptors
High school students
performing at the
ADVANCED level:
analyze chemical reaction and chemical processes
involved in the Calvin Cycle and Krebs Cycle;
predict the function of a given structure;
High school students
performing at the
PROFICIENT level:
describe and give examples of chemical reactions
required to sustain life (…role of enzymes)
describe and give examples of chemical reactions
required to sustain life (hydrolysis, dehydration
synthesis, photosynthesis, cellular respiration, ADP/ATP,
role of enzymes);
describe the relationship between structure and function
High school students
performing at the
BASIC level
name chemical reactions required to sustain life
(… role of enzymes)
name chemical reactions required to sustain life
(hydrolysis, dehydration synthesis, photosynthesis,
cellular respiration, ADP/ATP, role of enzymes);
recognize that different structures perform different
functions;
SOUTH DAKOTA ADVANCED SCIENCE
STANDARDS
LIFE SCIENCE:
Indicator 1: Understand the fundamental structures,
functions, classifications, and mechanisms found
in living things.
• 9-12.L.1.1A. Students are able to explain the physical and
chemical processes of photosynthesis and cell
respiration and their importance to plant and animal life.
(SYNTHESIS)
•
Examples:
Krebs Cycle
Go Online
• Links from the authors on Creatine
• Share kimchi lab data
• Interactive test
• For links on cellular respiration, go to
www.SciLinks.org and enter the Web Code
as follows: cbn-3091.
• For links on the Krebs cycle, go to
www.SciLinks.org and enter the
Web Code as follows: cbn-3092.