Transcript CH # 1A

Chapter 1A
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It’s ALIVE
or is it
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Section 1
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Characteristics of living things:
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There are 6 that all organisms share
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Living things have cells
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Living things sense and respond to change
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Living things reproduce
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Living things have DNA
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Living things use energy
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Living things grow and develop
Living things have cells…..
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All living things are made of cells
Cell – a membrane bound structure that
contains all the necessary things for
life
Some organisms are made of only one cell –
UNICELLULAR
Some organisms are made of more than one
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cell - MULTICELLULAR
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Unicellular…..
Amoeba
Euglena
Paramecium
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Multicellular…..
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Living things sense and respond to change…
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Organisms respond to a STIMULUS
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STIMULUS …….anything that causes a change
in the organisms activities
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Why?????
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To maintain HOMEOSTASIS
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Maintaining a stable internal environment
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Keeping your body temp. @ 98.6
Living Things Reproduce…..
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2 Types of Reproduction:
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Asexual
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Sexual
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Asexual Reproduction
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Only involves one parent
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Offspring look identical to parent
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Examples:
- Starfish
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Strawberry
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Bacteria
– Amoeba
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Sexual Reproduction
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Involves 2 parents
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Offspring look similar to both parents
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Examples:
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Human
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Fish
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Dogs
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Cats
Living Things Have DNA…..
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DNA – Deoxyribonucleic Acid
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- used by cells to make protein
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- passed on to new cells during reproduction
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Living Things Use Energy…..
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Organisms need energy to carry out these
processes
The rate at which your body uses energy is
your METABOLISM
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Living Things Grow and Develop…..
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All organisms grow and go through changes
during periods of their lives
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Section 2
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The simple bare necessities of life:
» Food
» Water
» Air
» Space
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Food
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All organisms need food…..WHY ?
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Producers – makes food
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Example – plant
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Consumers – eat food
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Example - cow
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Decomposer – breaks down dead organisms
for their food
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Example: termites
Water
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Most cells are made of water…how much?
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About 70%
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Why so much ?
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To help run all the processes necessary to keep the cell
alive
Air
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Mixture of several gases
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Two of the most commonly used gases:
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Oxygen
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Carbon Dioxide
Space
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An organism will try to keep it’s niche the same
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Niche…..the environment where the organism
lives with the effect of all living and
non-living factors in that
environment
Some organisms need more area than others
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Section 3
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The Chemistry of life:
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Everything is made of atoms
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Approx. 100 kinds of atoms
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Atoms are the smallest particles to make up things
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Atoms make up…..
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Molecules – 2 or more atoms joined together
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Found in living things are made up of different
combinations of 6 elements:
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C – Carbon
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H – Hydrogen
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O – Oxygen
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N – Nitrogen
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P – Phosphorus
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S – Sulfur
Atoms also make up…..
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Elements – made of
all one atoms
Proteins…..
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Second most abundant in cells
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Made of Amino Acids
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We eat foods high in protein,
our body breaks the protein
into amino acids, then they are
reassembled inside the cells of
our body
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Proteins…..
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Proteins…..
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Found in what foods ?
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Carbohydrates…..
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Made of sugars
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Used as an energy source
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2 types of Carbohydrates
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Simple
Complex
Carbohydrates…..
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Simple – made of one sugar molecule or a few
sugar molecules linked together
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Carbohydrates…..
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Complex – made of hundreds of sugar
molecules linked together
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Lipids…..
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Compounds that can not mix with water
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Some store energy
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Some form the membrane of cells
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Lipids…..
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Fats and Oils – Store energy
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- get burned after carbohydrates
Lipids…..
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Phospholipids – form the cell membrane
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- heads like water
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- tails do not like water
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Nucleic Acids…..
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Made up of Nucleotides
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A Nucleotide is made of
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Sugar
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Phosphate
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Base
Nucleotides…..
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DNA is made of Nucleotides
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The Cell’s Fuels…..
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ATP – Adenosinetriphosphate is the major fuel
used by cells.
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