Transcript NATURAL AND ERGOGENIC SUPPLEMENTS

Chapter 13
Natural And Ergogenic
Supplements
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More and more companies marketing
to athletes
18% of Americans regularly use herbal
products
Americans spend 3 billion annually
More research and more laws enacted
to protect public health
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Supplements
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Natural
Herbal
– Nutraceutical – any dietary or nutritional
supplement used for general health
benefits
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Dietary Supplement Health
And Education Act
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1994 – company can promote a natural
substance claiming:
– Improved function
– Improved health
– Cannot claim the supplement will affect a
disease process
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Americans should have unrestricted
access to food supplements
For a dietary supplement to be a food,
it must contain one or more of the
following
– Vitamins, minerals, herbs, amino acids,
metabolites, etc…
– Can assist with the nutritional needs of
humans
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In order to avoid the FDA, herbal and
natural supplement manufacturers
market their product as food
– can be purchased by anyone at anytime
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Example of the DHSEA law
– Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)
Banned in the 1980s
 Back on the market 1990s
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Exactly who and how many people use
supplements to enhance performance
is unknown
Testimonials; no scientific evidence
Information from coaches, teammates,
athletic trainer
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Understanding “Natural”
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Generally accepted as anything that is
not artificial or that is produced by
nature
Alternatives
– Comes from earth and necessary for
human function
– The body will easily assimilate the
product
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Public equates “natural” with safety
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Anything put into the body has potential to
create a negative response
Children at a greater risk
1998 report by Eisenberg et al
– 1990 – 1997: herbal remedy use up 380%
– 47% of general public use herbal medicines
– 18% of herbal medicine users do not tell their
physician
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Risk Factors
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Identification of substances in herbal
products is currently not possible
1 – 100’s of active chemical
substances
Contamination
– Heavy metals, bacteria, pesticides
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Risk Factors
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Four basic risks
– Purity of the herbal supplement
– Toxic side effects
– Interactive effects with other drugs or
herbs
– Drug contamination – growth, production,
bottling, etc.
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Supplement Purity
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Ingredients on label are not always
actual amount found in container
– Not even included, amounts too high or
too low
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When amount is not disclosed reliably,
numerous different types of problems
may result
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Green et al (2001):
– 11 of the 12 products tested did not meet
the labeling standards required by law
– One product contained 77% more of the
supplement than was indicated on the
label
– 11 products contained less of the
supplement than indicated
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Supplement Toxicity
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Toxicity based on:
– Dose of the herb
– Other drugs or herbs being taken
– Duration and frequency of exposure to the herb
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Reactions vary:
– Skin rashes, hepatic toxicity, death
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Energy boosters, weight control, pain control,
anti-inflammatory, anti-depressants…
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Supplement Interactions
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Interaction of supplements with other
medications
– Can reduce effectiveness of medications
– Adverse effects
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Table 13-1: Examples of
Herbal/Drug Interactions (pg 183)
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Supplement Contamination
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Production and manufacture
Species of the plant
Soil
Fertility and overall growing
environment
Part of the plant
Extraction method
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“Natural” Ergogenic Aids
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Ergogenic – having the ability to
increase work, especially to increase
the potential for work
May allow athlete to participate in
activity longer or respond more quickly
to a stimulus
Will NOT increase skill level
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Sports Drinks
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Marketing
– Replace fluids and electrolytes
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Athlete’s preference (taste)
– Gatorade
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Research varies
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Energy Drinks
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“Energy booster”
Caffeine
– Upset stomach
– Diuretic effect
– Detect in drug tests
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Possible problems with drinks w/added
herbal or natural substances
Implications for Activity, pg 186
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Table 13-3: Energy, Carbohydrate, and
Additional Ingredients Found in
Selected Sports Drinks
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Table 13-3: Energy, Carbohydrate, and
Additional Ingredients Found in
Selected Sports Drinks (cont.)
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What is in a sports drink ?
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Dietary Techniques
– Carbohydrate loading
– Zone Diet
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Vitamins and Minerals
Amino Acids
– Aids in rebuilding damaged tissues
– Controversial
– glucosamine
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Whey Protein
– Derived from milk
– Aids in repair of damaged muscle and
even increase size and overall capability
of the muscle
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Erythropoietin Alpha (EPO)
– Blood product that signals body to
produce RBCs
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RBCs deliver oxygen to muscles, organs,
tissues
– Endurance athletes
– Not easily detected by drug testing
– “blood doping"
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What to Tell the Athlete
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Page 190
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