Transcript Lipids: 9 Calories per gram

Carbon is the Main Ingredient of Organic
Molecules
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It is a carbon based molecule.
Examples: Carbohydrates, Proteins and
Lipids.
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These are non-carbon based compounds.
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Examples: Water and Hydrogen Peroxide
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These are organic molecules that are
composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms.
Examples: Methane and Butane
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A group of atoms within a molecule that
interacts in predictable ways with other
molecules.
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These are small molecular units.
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These are large chains of monomers.
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Dehydration Synthesis (Building): Involves
removing water from the two molecules being
joined.
Hydrolysis (Breaking): Involves adding water
to the molecules so they separate.
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Carbohydrates Provide Fuel and Building
Material
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These are organic molecules composed of
carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms in a
ratio of (1 Carbon: 2 Hydrogen: 1 Oxygen)
Energy: 4 Calories per gram
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Simple sugars that contain just one sugar
unit.
Examples: Glucose and Fructose
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These are 2 sugar units that have been put
together through dehydration synthesis.
Examples:
Sucrose: (Glucose and Fructose)
Lactose: (Milk Sugar)
Maltose: (Malt Sugar)
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These are long polymer chains made up of
many simple sugar monomers, or also known
as a complex carbohydrate.
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Starch: Food Storage for Plants
Glycogen: Energy that is stored in the
muscles of animals for quick energy. (Liver
Replenishes it)
Cellulose: Makes up the cell walls in plant
cells. (Humans can not digest it)
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Lipids include Fats and Steroids
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These are organic molecules that have a large
proportion of carbon and hydrogen atoms
and less oxygen than carbohydrates.
Lipids: 9 Calories per gram
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Cholesterol
Bees Wax
Phospholipids (Cell Membranes)
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Saturated: Contains the maximum number of
hydrogen atoms.
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All single bonds
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(Usually solid at room temperature)
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Unsaturated: It contains less than the
maximum number of hydrogen atoms.
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Contains double bonds.
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Usually a liquid at room temperature.
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Triglyceride: Composed of (Glycerol + 3 Fatty
Acids)
This is a typical fat.
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Phospholipid: Found in Cell Membranes.
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Hydrophilic Heads: Water Loving
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Hydrophobic Tails: Water Hating
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Steroid Hormones: (Chemical signals in the
body)
Composed of 4 Fused Rings
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Testosterone: Male Hormone
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Estrogen: Female Hormone
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They are building materials for the body.
Proteins are large complex polymers
composed of amino acids.
Proteins: 4 Calories per gram
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Meat
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Eggs
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Beans
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Used in making muscle fibers.
Enzymes: (Molecules that allow reactions to
occur in the body.
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They are the building blocks of proteins.
20 amino acids are available for protein
synthesis.
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Occurs when amino acids are linked together.
It involves the removal of water just like in
carbohydrate synthesis.
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These are the main catalyst of chemical
reactions in organisms.
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It is a compound that speeds up chemical
reactions.
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It is the energy necessary to start or initiate a
chemical reaction.
See Example.
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A specific reactant acted upon by an enzyme.
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It is a particular region on the enzyme that
the substrate fits into for a reaction to occur.
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It is like a lock and key.
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They are very specific to what they do.
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Let’s do a few labs.