Transcript Ribosomes - Keystone College

Ribosomes
PETE MCGEE
What are Ribosomes?

Found in every cell

Protein Synthesizers of the cell

Located on the Rough ER and in the cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells
and move freely in prokaryotic cells

They are a combination of RNA and proteins
What do they do?

Read mRNA (messenger RNA) to build proteins

Rough ER


Builds proteins to send out of the cell
Cytoplasm

Builds proteins to use in the cytoplasm
What do they look like?

They are up to 10x’s larger in Eukaryotic cells

2 Subunits-based on sedimentation in a centrifuge

Smaller one attaches to mRNA

Larger attaches to tRNA (transfer RNA) and amino acids
What happens when they don’t
work correctly


Alzheimer's Disease

Impairment of the function of ribosomes

Decreased rate of protein synthesis and ribosomal RNA and tRNA

Ultimately results in memory loss
Diamond-Blackfan anaemia

Extremely rare

Low blood cell count

Occurs when ribosomal protein 19 is mutated and affects the translation and protein
synthesis in the bone marrow

Ultimately results in lack of oxygen to the body