Transcript Chapter 1 Cell Structure and Functions

Chapter 1 Cell Structure
and Functions
Lesson 3 – Chemical Compounds in Cells
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An elements is any substance that cannot be
broken down into simpler
substances.(Example: Oxygen)
When two ore more elements combine
chemically, they form a compound.
(Example: Water)
Some important groups of organic
compounds found in living things are
carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.
Compounds that do not contain the elements
carbon are called inorganic compounds.
Elements and Compounds
A carbohydrate is an energy-rich organic
compounds made of the elements carbon,
hydrogen, and oxygen.
sugars and starches are examples of
carbohydrates.
Foods that are high in starches are:
potatoes, pasta, rice, and bread.
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates
Like carbohydrates, lipids are also eneryrich organic compounds made of carbon,
hydrogen, and oxygen.
 Fats, oils, and waxes are all lipids.
 Lipids contain more energy that
carbohydrates.
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Lipids
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Proteins molecules are made up of smaller molecules
called amino acids.
Although they are only 20 common amino acids, cells
can combine them in different ways to form
thousands of different proteins.
Foods that are high in proteins include, meat, eggs,
fish, nuts, and beans.
Much of the structure of cells is made up of proteins.
The proteins known as enzymes perform important
functions in the chemical reactions that take place in
cells. (example: enzymes in your saliva speed up the
digestion of food by breaking down starches and
sugars in your mouth.)
Proteins
Proteins
Most chemical Reactions within cells could
not take place without water.
 Water also helps cells keep their size and
shape.
 A cell without water would be like a
balloon without air.
 Water also helps to keep the temperature
of cells from changing rapidly.
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Water and Living Things