Transcript January 17th, 2017

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January 17th, 2017
Important Vocabulary Terms
Study these terms to fully prepare yourself for tomorrow’s vocabulary quiz!
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Raj
“Jewel in the Crown”
Imperialism
Racism
Social Darwinism
Berlin Conference
Colony
Protectorate
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Sphere of Influence
Economic Imperialism
Sepoy
Sepoy Mutiny
Boxer Rebellion
Opium War
Open Door Policy
Taiping Rebellion
Unit 1: The Rise of Democracy
 I. The Legacy of Ancient Greece and Rome
 Limited Democracy in Athens, Greece
 Wealth determined class
 Greek Democracy Changes
 Athens became a direct democracy
 The VIPs of Athens
 Philosophers Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle reflected the Greeks’ respect of
human intelligence and the power of reason
 Rome Develops a Republic
 Rome created an indirect democracy known as a republic
 Roman Society
 Patricians held the most power but Plebeians gained more rights from the
Twelve Tables ( a written law code)
 Roman Law
 Like the Greeks, Roman law was based on justice and protecting citizens and
their property
Unit 1: The Rise of Democracy
 II. Judeo-Christian Tradition
 Judaism
 Hebrews valued the dignity of each person since they believed that
people were made in God’s image
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Christianity
 Christianity spread slowly across the Roman Empire, primarily through
an apostle named Paul
Unit 1: The Rise of Democracy
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The Renaissance
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Italian Renaissance
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Classical and Worldly Values
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Machiavelli’s The Prince (1513) emphasized political effectiveness over moral integrity
The Northern Renaissance
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Renaissance painter sand sculptors like Donatello, Michelangelo, Raphael, and Leonardo
DaVinci created realistic art
Renaissance Writers
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The ideal Renaissance man excelled at nearly everything and created art
Renaissance Art
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Humanism vs. Secularism
Renaissance Men and Women
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The Renaissance was a rebirth that brought back classical Greek and Roman culture while
stressing the importance of the individual
English art and literature flourished
The Printing Press
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Johann Gutenberg’s printing press made it possible to produce books quickly and cheaply
Unit 1: The Rise of Democracy
 The Reformation
 Causes of the Reformation
 Renaissance values caused people to question the Church
 Martin Luther and Lutheranism
 Luther posted his 95Theses on a church door to air his grievances with the
Catholic Church
 Henry VIII and Anglicanism
 England’s King Henry VIII wanted to divorce his wife after she didn’t produce
a male heir for him. The Pope wouldn’t annul Henry’s marriage
 John Calvin and Calvinism
 Calvin believed in predestination and that God had chosen the “elect” to
save
 The Catholic Reformation
 Ignatius of Loyola and his followers, the Jesuits, sought to add members to
the Catholic Church and founded schools
Unit 1: The Rise of Democracy
 The Enlightenment
 Two Views on Government
 Hobbes vs. Locke
 Philosophes Advocate Reason
 The core of the philosophes’ beliefs included reason, nature, happiness,
progress, and liberty
 Women and the Enlightenment
 Mary Wollstonecraft, argued that women should be educated and
sought more equality
 Legacy of the Enlightenment
 A belief in progress and an increase in scientific knowledge supported
human reason
Unit 2: The Age of Revolutions
 England: The Glorious Revolution
 Monarchs Defy Parliament
 King James I (Catholic) and King Charles I (Catholic) both upset Parliament
(lots of Protestants)
 The English Civil War
 After Charles I ignored the petition and continued to upset Parliament, the
English Civil War broke out in 1642
 The Restoration
 Unhappy with a military rule, Parliament restored the monarchy with King
Charles II in 1660 (after Cromwell's death)
 The Glorious Revolution
 A bloodless overthrow of James II in 1688 led to the rule of Protestants Mary
and William of Orange
 Limits on Monarch’s Power
 The English Bill of Rights in 1689 listed the things a ruler could not do and
protected people’s rights
Unit 2: The Age of Revolutions
 The American Revolution
 American Independence
 Britain’s American colonies were upset with King George III for taxing
them
 The Influence of the Enlightenment
 Americans were influenced by Enlightenment ideas
 The American Revolution
 Americans shocked the world by winning their independence in 1783
 Americans Create a Republic
 The Constitution outlined the American government’s structure
Unit 2: The Age of Revolutions
 The French Revolution Begins
 The Old Regime: Three Estates
 Differences between Three Estates
 The Forces of Change
 Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette made matters worse by their weak
leadership and extravagant spending
 Dawn of Revolution
 A mob stormed the Bastille on July 14, 1789. The fall of Bastille became a
symbolic act of the revolution
 A Great Fear Sweeps France
 A wave of panic and rebellion known as the Great Fear spread through
France
Unit 2: The Age of Revolutions
 Revolution Brings Reform and Terror
 The Assembly Reforms France
 The NA eliminated the Old Regime (estates) in Aug. 1789, and adopted the
Declaration of Rights of Man and of Citizen
 Divisions Develop
 Many problems, like debt and food shortages, continued
 War and Execution
 The monarchy was abolished, and a National Convention was put in place. In
Jan. 1793, Louis XVI was found guilty of treason and was beheaded by the
guillotine
 The Terror Grips France
 Robespierre launched a Reign of Terror to protect the Revolution from its
enemies. About 40,000, many of whom were poorer, were executed from
1793-1794
 End of Terror
 The Reign of Terror ended when Robespierre was beheaded by the guillotine
in July 1794. The NC drafted a new plan of government
Unit 2: The Age of Revolutions
 Napoleon Forges an Empire
 Napoleon Seizes Power
 Napoleon’s troops drove out members of the national legislature.
Remaining members dissolved the Directory. Napoleon assumed the
powers of a dictator and seized France
 Napoleon Rules France
 Napoleon received almost total power through a constitution the people
voted for. He soon created an efficient tax collecting system, national
bank, and lycées
 Napoleon Creates an Empire
 By 1812, Napoleon controlled nearly all of Europe. Even countries
directly not under France’s control were easily manipulated through
alliances
Unit 2: The Age of Revolutions
 Napoleon’s Empire Collapses
 Napoleon’s Costly Mistakes
 After a fallout with the Russian czar, Alexander I, Napoleon decided to
invade Russia in 1812 with his grand army of 420,000 soldiers
 Napoleon’s Downfall
 Exile to Louis XVIII to Napoleon again
 The Congress of Vienna
 Metternich’s goals included containing France, having a balance of
power in Europe, and restoring monarchies
Unit 3: The Industrial Revolution
 The Agricultural Revolution
 The Agricultural Revolution Paves the Way
 Agricultural Improvements
 Impact of the Agricultural Revolution
 Food supplies increased and living conditions improved, causing
England’s population to increase
Unit 3: The Industrial Revolution
 The Beginnings of Industrialization
 Industrial Revolution Begins in Britain
 Industrialization, the process of developing machine goods, required
factors of production: land, labor, and capital
 Inventions Spur Industrialization
 Wealthy textile merchants set up machines in factories water sources
they could use as energy
 Improvements in Transportation
 Steam Locomotives and steamboats spurred industrial growth
 The Railway Age Begins
 Railroads revolutionized life in Britain
Unit 3: The Industrial Revolution
 Industrialization
 Industrialization Changes Life
 The IR brought a period of urbanization, city building and moving to
cities. People moved from rural areas to cities, and factories were
everywhere in urban areas
 Class Tensions Grow
 Working Class vs. Middle Class
 Positive Effects of the Industrial Revolution
 Long-term effects include the abuse of natural resources, affordable
goods, an eventual improvement in labor conditions, and in general,
higher standards of living
Unit 3: The Industrial Revolution
 Industrialization Spreads
 Industrial Development in the United States
 The IR in the US began with the textile industry. Factories brought
workers to the cities
 Continental Europe Industrializes
 Although they were delayed by the Napoleonic Wars, other European
countries became industrialized throughout the 1800s
 The Impact of Industrialization
 Between 1700-1900, life in Western Europe and the US changed
dramatically. Poor working and living conditions eventually led to social
reform
Unit 3: The Industrial Revolution
 Reforming the Industrial World
 The Philosophers of Industrialization
 Adam Smith, Thomas Malthus, and David Ricardo believed in capitalism
 The Rise of Socialism
 Others supported socialism, in which the factors of production would be
owned by the public and operate for the welfare of all
 Marxism: Radical Socialism
 Germans Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels The Communist Manifesto,
presenting a new radical socialism known as Marxism and criticizing the
effects of the IR
 Labor Unions and Reform Laws
 Skilled workers began to form unions in the 1800s to have bargaining power
and to improve working conditions
 The Reform Movement Spreads
 During the 1800s, democracy grew in industrialized countries