Transcript Carbon Compounds

Carbon Compounds
and
Organic Chemistry
The Chemistry of Carbon
 Whole branch of chemistry
dedicated to carbon compoundsOrganic chemistry
 Carbon can bond with many
elements including hydrogen,
oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur,
nitrogen
 More importantly, carbon can
bond with other carbon atoms
 Giving it the ability to form many
different and very large complex
structures (ex)
Macromolecules
 Made up of thousands or
even ten thousand smaller
molecules
 Formed by polymerization
 Smaller units called monomers
join together to form polymers,
or larger molecules
 Polymers can be formed by
identical or different
monomers
 Macromolecules are formed
into four groups of organic
compounds
 Carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic
acids, and proteins
 Carbohydrates are
Carbohydrates
compounds made up
of carbon, hydrogen,
and oxygen atoms
 Living things use
carbohydrates as their
main source of energy
 The breakdown of
sugars supplies
immediate energy for all
cell activities
 Living things store extra
sugar as complex carbs
 Single sugar molecules
are called
monosaccharides
 Glucose
 Galactose- component of
milk
 Fructose- found in many
fruits
 Macromolecules formed
from monosaccharides
are called
polysaccharides
 Many animals store excess
sugar in a polysaccharide
called glycogen
 Stored glycogen supplies
energy for movement
Carbs cont.
 Lipids are made mostly from
carbon and hydrogen atoms
 Common categories of lipids
include fats, oils, and waxes
 Lipids can be used to store
energy
 Lipids are formed when a
glycerol molecule combines
with compounds called fatty
acids
 When a lipid contains the
maximum amount of
hydrogen atoms, it is
saturated (solid at room temp)
 When a lipid contains at least
one carbon-carbon double
bond, it is unsaturated (liquid
at room temp)
Lipids
 Nucleic acids are
macromolecules that
contain hydrogen, oxygen,
nitrogen, carbon, and
phosphorus
 Nucleic acids are made
up of individual monomers
called nucleotides
 Nucleotides consist of 3
parts- a 5-carbon sugar, a
phosphate group, and a
nitrogen base
 Nucleic acids store and
transmit hereditary, or
genetic, information
 DNA
 RNA
Nucleic
Acids
 Proteins are macromolecules
that contain nitrogen as well
as carbon, hydrogen, and
oxygen
 Proteins are polymers made
up of molecules called amino
acids
 Proteins are among the
most diverse
macromolecules
 Some proteins control the
rate of reactions and regulate
cell processes
 Some are used to form bones
and muscles
 Others transport substances
into or out of cells or help
fight disease
Proteins
Enzymes
 Catalyst
 Chemical that
lowers activation
energy levels or
speeds up a
reaction
 Enzyme
 Bodies Catalyst
 Ends in ASE
The End