Transcript DNA - Richmond School District

DNA
Contents
of the
Nucleus
DNA
vocab
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Deoxyribonucleic
acid
Chromosomes
Chromatin
Genes
Genome
Genetic
Material:
DNA vs
RNA compare
and
contrast
.
DNA Structure
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What is the
structure called?
Building blocks of DNA
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What are the building blocks of DNA?
 What are the building blocks made of? (3
parts)
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How do they fit
together?
Try “replicating” this single
strand of DNA
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What is the
significance of the
order of the
nitrogenous bases?
Protein Synthesis: Step 1:
Make a Copy= “Transcription”
Try
Transcribing
this piece of
DNA into
mRNA
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Why doesn’t
the mRNA just
stay inside the
nucleus?
Step 2: “Reading the code to
make the protein = “Translation”
Breaking “THE CODE”:
An Analogy:
“DNA is like a novel”
Nitrogenous bases =
“letters”
Triplets = “words”
A gene = “a sentence”
A chromosome = “a
chapter”
The Code:
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How do
you follow
the mRNA
code?
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Video on Protein
Synthesis (includes
tRNA)
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NJxobgkPEA
o&mode=related&search=
Try “DECODING” this piece of
DNA Code
DNA
T A C G G A C A G T A A A T T
mRNA A U G C C U G U C A U U U A A
Amino Methi- leucine valine
acids onine
isoleuc stop
ine
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Great video on a
cell’s life functions:
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http://www.studiodaily.com/main/searchlist/6850
.html
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Here is the
explanation of what is
happening:
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http://sparkleberrysprings.com/innerlifeofcell.ht
ml
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Protein Production
Protein
Structure
Genes
-WHAT are they?
-WHERE are they?
-How many genes do we
have?
-WHY are we storing the
information for
PROTEINS???
Enzymes
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WHAT are they?
 What do they do?
 Why do our DNA molecules store the
instructions to make them?
One Gene = One Protein?

Human genome =
approximately 25,000
genes
 Number of proteins
humans make is
approximately 90,000.
 NOT SURE HOW THIS
CAN BE!
Gene Mutation
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Deletion
Addition
Substitution
Positive
Neutral
Negative
Mutagens
Example: Deletion
The result can be a completely nonfunctional protein…doesn’t make sense.
i.e.
--- THE CAT ATE THE RAT---
If you delete a base (letter) ‘C’
---THE ATA TET HER ATH-----
Another example:
Original message:
THE BIG DOG BIT TED AND RAN OFF --- --ADDITION/FRAMESHIFT
THE BIG FDO GBI TTE DAN DRA NOF F--
What does
Mutation have to
do with
Evolution?