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PHARMACOLOGY
Kristine Glory DR. Mendillo, BSN, RN
Academic Instructor
Blood Pressure
• It is measured by using a stethoscope and sphygmomanometer
• Existing pressure in the blood vessels
Adrenergic Neuron Blockers
• Reserpine
• Guanethidine
• Guanadrel
Alpha 1 Beta 1 Adrenergic Blockers
• Labetalol (Normodyne)
• Carteolol (Cartrol)
• This group blocks both alpha1 beta1 receptors.
Direct Acting Arteriolar Vasodilators
• Nitropusside
• Diaxozide
• Direct acting vasodilators acts relaxing the smooth muscles of the blood
vessels, mainly arteries, causing vasodilation
ACE (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme)
Inhibitors
• Captopril (Catapres)
• Enalapril Maleate (Vasotec)
• It inhibits ACE, which in turn inhibits the formation of angiotensin II
(vasoconstrictor) and blocks the release of aldosterone. Aldosterone
promotes sodium retention and potassium excretion.
(ARB) Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers
• Losartan (Cozaar)
• Valsartan (Diovan)
• These agents are similar to ACE inhibitors , in that they prevent the release
of aldosterone (sodium retaining hormone)
Direct Renin Inhibitor
• Aliskiren (Tekturna)
• It binds with renin, causing a reduction of angiotensin I, angiotensin II and
aldosterone levels
Calcium Channel Blockers
• Verapamil (Calan SR)
• Diltiazem (Cardizem)
• Amlopidine (Norvasc)
• Slow calcium channel blockers are found in the myocardium (heart muscle)
and vascular smooth muscles (VSM) cells. Free calcium increases muscle
contractility, peripheral resistance, and blood pressure.
Hydrochlorothiazide
• The most frequent diuretic that is combined with an antihypertensive drug
• (Aldactazide) hydrochlorothiazide with spironolactone
HYPERTENSION CLASSIFICATION
• Pre hypertension SBP 120-139mmHg
• Stage 1, 140-160 mmHg
• Stage 2, greater than 160mmHg
HYPERTENSION CLASSIFICATION
• 1 isolated systolic hypertension 130/85
• 2 isolated systolic hypertension 175/85mmHg
ANTIPLATELET
• Clopidogrel Bisulfate
• To prevent recurrence of MI, stroke, prevent vascular death
• Action: inhibits platelet aggregation.
HMG CoA reductase inhibitor
• Lovastatin (mevacor)
• Simvastatin (Zocor)
Cholesterol Levels
•150-200 mg/dl
Digoxin Levels
•1.5-2ng/ml
LOVE and Other Drugs!
• Furosemide
• Sucralfate
• Digoxin
Furosemide (Lasix)
• To treat fluid rentention fluid overload caused by Heart Failure, renal
dysfunction, hypertension and acute pulmonary edema
• Action: inhibition of sodium and water reabsorption from the loop of henle
and distal renal tubules. K, Mg, Ca may be excreted.
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
• LANOXIN (digoxin) is a cardiac glycoside, a closely related group of drugs
having in common specific effects on the myocardium. These drugs are
found in a number of plants. Digoxin is extracted from the leaves of Digitalis
lanata. The term “digitalis” is used to designate the whole group of
glycosides. The glycosides are composed of 2 portions: a sugar and a
cardenolide (hence “glycosides”).
Sucralfate (Carafate)
• Sucralfate is a unique oral drug that is used for treating ulcers of the upper
gastrointestinal tract. Chemically, it is a complex of the disaccharide sugar,
sucrose, combined with sulfate and aluminum. It
Love, Pharmacology.
THE END