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Chapter 14 Therapy Psychology 101: General Instructor: Mark Vachon History of Treatment Early treatments: Pineal (1793) Chained to beds, ice baths, beatings, induced vomiting… Reforms of Asylums in Paris Dorthea Dix (1847) 20th Century Psychotherapy Biomedical Eclectic approach Dorthea Dix (1802-1887) Philippe Pinel (1745-1826) Psychoanalysis Revealing unconscious conflicts, urges, and desires that lead to disorders Methods: Free association Resistance Transference Dream interpretation Why does this work? Humanistic Therapy Emphasis on potential for self-fulfillment by helping to grow in awareness and acceptance Conscious is more important that unconscious Present and Future more important than Past Client-Centered Therapy Active Listening Reflection Unconditional Positive Regard Empathy Authenticity Behavior Therapies Action based; change behavior through learning; behavior is the problem, not symptom Doubt the healing power of self-awareness Techniques: Exposure Aversion therapy Behavior Modification Both Photos: Bob Mahoney/ The Image Works Desensitization Cognitive Therapies Focus on distorted thinking and unrealistic beliefs Teaches new, more adaptive ways of thinking Ellis Rational Emotive Therapy Challenges irrational beliefs Beck Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Identify and change illogical or unrealistic thoughts Relieve symptoms and resolve problems Build strategies to cope in the future Psychotherapies Are they effective? Research shows that treated patients were 80% better than untreated ones How do they help? Hope for demoralized people New perspective Empathic, trusting and caring relationship Drug Therapies Drugs used to relieve symptoms: Anti-psychotic Anti-anxiety Depress CNS activity Anti-depressant Reduce hallucinations and paranoia Block dopamine receptors (agonists) Elevate arousal and mood Increase availability of serotonin and norepinephrine Mood Stabilizers: Lithium