Transcript Schistosomiasis

Austin Chambers
November 25, 2008
Geographical Distribution
Geographical Distribution
 Present in 74 countries
 Over 200 million people have been affected
Geographical Distribution
 S. mansoni is found in South America, Africa, and the
Middle East
Geographical Distribution
 S. mansoni is found in South America, Africa, and the
Middle East
 S. haematobium is found in Africa and the Middle East
Geographical Distribution
 S. mansoni is found in South America, Africa, and the
Middle East
 S. haematobium is found in Africa and the Middle East
 S. japonicum is found in East Asia
Epidemiology
 S. mansoni causes
intestinal schistosomiasis
 S. haematobium causes
urinary schistosomiasis
 S. japonicum causes Asian
intestinal schistosomiasis
Epidemiology
 Infections come from swimming in bodies of water
inhabited by infected snails
Clinical Features
 Chronic schistosomiasis can have mild symptoms
Clinical Features
 Acute Schistosomiasis
 More serious symptoms
Clinical Features
 Rare central nervous system lesions can occur
Clinical Features
 Spread of infection can harm vital organs
 Can lead to death
Laboratory Diagnosis
 Stool Exam
 Used for S. mansoni and S. japonicum
Laboratory Diagnosis
 Urine Exam
 Useful for S. japonicum and S. haematobium infections
Laboratory Diagnosis
 Alternate methods of diagnosis
Laboratory Diagnosis
 Alternate methods of diagnosis
 Rectal tissue biopsy
Laboratory Diagnosis
 Alternate methods of diagnosis
 Rectal tissue biopsy
 Antibody detection
Treatment
 Drug Treatments
Treatment
 Drug Treatments
 Single oral dose of praziquantel taken annually with
castor oil
Treatment
 Drug Treatments
 Antimony kills the parasite by bonding to an enzyme
Treatment
 WHO treatment guidelines
Treatment
 WHO treatment guidelines
 >50% of children infected, everyone receives treatment
Treatment
 WHO treatment guidelines
 >50% of children infected, everyone receives treatment
 20%<<50% of children infected, school-age children
receive treatment
Treatment
 WHO treatment guidelines
 >50% of children infected, everyone receives treatment
 20%<<50% of children infected, school-age children
receive treatment
 <20% of children infected, no mass treatment
Treatment
 Researchers are
searching for a
vaccine that
would interrupt
the life cycle
Prevention and Hygiene
 Avoiding Snails
Prevention and Hygiene
 Avoiding Snails
 Acrolein, copper sulfate, and niclosamide can kill snail
populations
Prevention and Hygiene
 Through design
Prevention and Hygiene
 Through design
 Modern dams have eliminated the chance for snails to
inhabit the water source
Sources
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http://www.stanford.edu/class/humbio103/ParaSites2006/Schistosomiasis/schistomap.gif
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http://www.universityscience.ie/imgs/scientists/shistosomiasis.gif
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http://www.malacsoc.org.uk/The_Malacologist/BULL45/images/stot2.jpg
http://www.mythnlynx.com/images/antimony1.jpg
http://www.radiobridge.net/www/work/shis04.jpg
http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/ad002e/AD002E01.gif
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Acrolein-2D.png
http://www.essenagrochem.com/img/Niclosamide-olamine-30--SC-1420-04-8-big.jpg
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