Transcript Illegal Drugs - Waukee Community School District Blogs

Illegal Drugs
intro
 Where do all drugs come from?
 What are some different categories of drugs?
 What do we call the drugs that are most likely to be abused?
Drug Abuse
 The intentional improper use of a drug
 Drugs that are used for recreational purposes are called
drugs of abuse
 many drugs of abuse are illegal drugs-possessing, using, buying,
selling is against the law
 Drugs of abuse can lead to overdose: taking too much,
causing sickness, unconsciousness, permanent health
damage, and death
So why do people start using
drugs?
 Experimentation
 Escape depression/boredom
 Enjoyment of risk-taking behaviors
 Believing drugs will solve problems
 Peer pressure
 Glamorization
 Curiosity
*teens have a higher risk of becoming addicted than adults do.
Why?
Types of Abused Drugs
 Simulants: drugs that temporarily increase a person’s energy
and alertness
 Depressants: drugs that cause relaxation and sleepiness
 Opiates: HIGHLY ADDICITVE group of drugs derived from
the poppy plant that are used as pain relievers,
anesthetics, and sedatives
 Hallucinogens: drugs that distort perceptions and cause a
person to see or hear things that are not real
Stimulants
 Amphetamines
 Produced in labs, used to treat neurological disorders—ADHD,
Narcolepsy, appetite suppressant
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Adderall
Dexedrine
Ritalin
Strattera
 Methamphetamine
 Meth, crystal, ice
 Smoked, injected, or snorted
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Euphoria
Loss of appetite
Increased alertness
Hyperactivity
 Permanent brain damage, kidney and liver damage, death
 Extremely addictive and tolerance builds rapidly
 Meth labs—byproducts include poisonous gas, toxic chemicals,
explosive substances
Stimulants: Meth
 Developed in 1919 and used during WWII to keep soldiers
awake
 Used in the 1950’s as a diet aid
 Became illegal in 1970
 Known as “poor man’s crack”
 Very addictive
 Users are known as “tweakers”
***graphic pictures on next slide***
Stimulants:
Cocaine and Crack Cocaine
 From the coca plant in South America
 Fine, white powder from leaves is snorted or liquefied and injected
 Effects are similar to effects of meth
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Agitation
Paranoia
Aggression
Can’t eat, cant sleep
 “Crash” when effects of drug wear off
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Agitation
Extreme sleepiness
Depression
Intense craving for more
 Overdose can cause
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Heart attack
Stroke
Seizures
Death
 http://www.drugfreeworld.org/drugfacts/cocaine/internationalstatistics.html
Depressants
 Slow a person’s breathing and reduce brain activity
 Tranquilizers, hypnotics
 Effects:
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Relaxation
Loss of inhibition
Drowsiness
Loss of coordination
Slurred speech
Disorientation
Loss of consciousness
Memory loss
 Overdose-stop breathing, brain damage, coma, death
 Combined with alcohol increase risk of death
Depressants
 Barbiturates-hypnotic drug used to induce sleep
 Light anesthesia, epilepsy, insomnia
 Amytal
Butisol
Luminal
 lunesta
 Tranqs (Benzodiazapines)-reduce muscular activity,
coordination, attention span
 Anxiety, muscle spasms, sleeplessness, nervousness
 Valium, xanax, Klonopin
 Methaqualone-similar to barbiturates
 Insomnia
 Withdrawal is very unpleasant
 Rohypnal (better known as…)
 Lose inhibition, become disoriented, trouble remembering
Opiates=Narcotics
 Highly valued medicine / deadly drug of abuse
 From flowering opium poppy plant
 Medicine
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Reduce pain
Relieve diarrhea
Suppresses coughing
Induces relaxation
 Abused
 Quick addiction
 Unpleasant withdrawal symptoms
 Cramps, vomiting, muscle pain, shaking, chills, panic attacks
Opiates: Heroin (1914)
 Most commonly abused opiate-chemically altered morphine
 Swallowed, snorted, smoked, injected
 “rush” that fades into dreamlike state, feelings of well-being, and
drowsiness
 Unpleasant withdrawal=desperate to get more=violent crimes
 Repeated injection
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Skin infections
Open wounds
Scarring
Hepatitis
HIV/AIDS
Opiates:
Morphine and Codeine
 Morphine
 Similar to heroin
 Pain reliever—severe cancer patients
 Codeine
 Relief of milder pain
 Stop coughing
 http://www.drugfreeworld.org/drugfacts/painkillers/internation
al-statistics.html
 http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-204_162-57608079/krokodil-usereportedly-spreading-what-makes-dangerous-drug-so-addictive/
Hallucinogens
 Distort perception, experience things that are not real,
emotional experiences seem deeper and more important,
extreme anxiety, fear, paranoia
Hallucinogens: LSD
 Tablets or absorbed on tongue with small paper squares
 Effects (not easy to predict)
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Increase energy
Alter mood
Create strange thoughts and sensations
Nausea
Vomiting
Dizziness
Bizarre body sensations
Emotional swings
Panic
Confusion
 http://www.drugfreeworld.org/drugfacts/lsd/international-statistics.html
Hallucinogens: Mushrooms
 Eaten raw or mixed with food
 Psilocybin
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Altered perception of sight, sound, taste, smell, touch
Confusion
Anxiety
Panic
 Wrong kind of psilocybin can lead to
 Stomach pains, vomiting, diarrhea, death
Hallucinogens cont.
 Phencyclidine (PCP, angel dust, killer weed, super grass)
 Developed as surgical anesthetic in 1950’s
 Its sedative and anaesthetic effects are trance-like, and patients
experience a feeling of being “out of body” and detached from their
environment. Use of PCP in humans was discontinued in 1965,
because it was found that patients often became agitated,
delusional, and irrational while recovering from its anaesthetic
effects.
 Still made-classified as a designer drug
 Dissolvable power, tablets, capsules
 Snorted, smokes, injected, swallowed—used to “lace” other drugs
 Salvia
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Plant found in southern Mexico
Hallucinogenic high lasting only minutes
Made popular by YouTube
Chew leaves, drink extracted juices, inhaled, most commonly
smoked
 http://www.sagewisdom.org/legalstatus.html
More Types of Illegal Drugs
 Despite differences in type, all illegal drugs:
 Affect function of the brain
 Are dangerous to your health
 Can result in dependence and addiction
 Four more-commonly abused illegal drugs:
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Marijuana
Inhalants
Club drugs
Anabolic steroids
Marijuana
pot-weed-reefer-dope
 Dried flowers from the plant cannabis sativa
 Active chemical: tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
 Different plants may have different levels of
THC
 Usually smoked, but can be mixed with food and eaten
Effect of Marijuana
 Felt within minutes and lasts for 2-3 hours
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Slowed thinking ability
Difficulty paying attention
Distorted sense of time and distance
Giddiness
Loss of short-term memory
Loss of balance and coordination
Increased appetite
Anxiety
Panic attack
 Marijuana smoke has also been found to contain many of the same
carcinogens as cigarette smoke
 Chronic bronchitis
 Damaged lung tissue
Marijuana Long-Term
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Affects learning and social behavior
THC changes the way sensory info gets into the brain
difficulty remembering, processing, and using info
Difficulty maintaining attention and shifting attention to meet
changing demands
 Frequent respiratory infection
 Develop dependence
 Immediately suffer withdrawal symptoms
 http://www.drugfreeworld.org/drugfacts/marijuana/internationalstatistics.html
Inhalants
poppers, snappers, whippits
 Drugs inhaled as vapors (sniffing, huffing)
 Examples
 Nitrous oxide
 Asthma meds
 Common household chemicals
 Glue, paint thinner, gasoline, felt-tip marker fluid
Effects of Inhalants
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Hyperactivity
Loss of inhibition
Dizziness
Loss of coordination
Difficulty speaking or thinking
Fear
Anxiety
Depression
Nausea
Vomiting
Headache
Loss of consciousness
Effects cont.
 Brain
 Loss of vision and coordination, death of brain cells, brain damage,
coma
 Heart and Blood
 Irregular heartbeat, heart attack, decreased ability to carry O2
 Lungs
 Irritation, suffocation
 Liver
 Permanent liver damage
 Kidneys
 Permanent kidney damage
 Bladder
 Loss of bladder control
Effects cont.
 Permanent hearing loss
 Bone marrow damage
 Death from suffocation
 Stop heart beat all together
 Sudden sniffing death syndrome
 “Unfortunately, people only discover that they are sensitive to organic
solvents after it’s too late”
 http://www.drugfreeworld.org/drugfacts/inhalants/international
-statistics.html
 Often used as gateway drugs
Club (Designer) Drugs
ecstasy, GHB, ketamine, PCP
 Designed to closely resemble common illegal drugs in
structure and effect
 Changing laws finally made these illegal
 Strength and quality unpredictable and unknown
 Overdose hard to treat b/c not known exactly what is in the drug
Designer Drug: Ecstasy
E, X, XTC, Adam, Molly, MDMA
 Acts as stimulant and hallucinogen
 Taken as a pill but also crushed and snorted
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Increased awareness of senses
Hallucinations
Increased energy
Loss of judgment
Effects of Ecstasy
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Muscle tension
Teeth clenching
Impaired learning and memory
Nausea
Chills
Increased or irregular heartbeat
High blood pressure
Heart attack
Brain damage
Death
*also decreases body’s ability to regulate temperature—easily
overheated, may lead to death
Other Designer Drugs
 GHB—G, Liquid X, Liquid E
 Narcolepsy, alcoholism
 Euphoria, relaxation, dizziness, loss of inhibition
 Vomiting, memory loss, respiratory problems, loss of consciousness,
seizures, coma, death
 Mixed with Ecstasy=higher risk of seizure
 Used in many sexual assaults-date rape drug
 Ketamine (Special K)
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Anesthetic developed in 1963 to replace PCP
Odorless, tasteless
Injected, street drug is evaporated into powder
Hallucinations, numbness, inability to move, loss of memory, coma
Also sometimes used as date rape drug
 PCP
Designer Drugs:
Look-Alike Drugs
 Abused substances slightly different from better-known drugs
 Never know exactly what is in them, how strong it is
 Cheaper than well-known drugs but just as dangerous
Anabolic Steroids
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Synthetic versions of the male hormone testosterone
Used to promote muscle developing
“anabolic” means “building”
Medicine
 Treat muscle wasting in AIDS
 Wound healing in elderly
 Abnormally low amounts of testosterone in males
 Most use illegally to aid in muscle growth
 Don’t have immediate psychoactive effects
 Do not trigger increased production in dopamine to create “high”
 Effect body, not brain**
 Addictive??
Steroids
 Effects on Body
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Adolescents-Bones mature too early and growth stunted
Severe acne
Increased cholesterol
Rapid weight gain
Liver damage
Kidney tumors
Heart disease
Heart attack
 Effects of Mind
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Irritable
Aggression “Roid Rage”
Hyperactivity
Bizarre sounds, feelings of paranoia, panic attacks, depression,
anxiety, suicidal urges
 Withdrawal can lead to depression
Synergistic Effect
 Mixing two drugs together
 YOU NEVER KNOW WHAT YOU ARE GOING TO GET
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/addiction/mouse/