Transcript Lit Up In America-Marijuana and Its Affects Final.S

Lit Up in America:
Cannabis and Its
Effects
A presentation made possible by The TWITR Project
© 2013-2015 TWITR Project. The Texas Office of the Governor’s Criminal Justice Planning Department has
provided funds for the Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center’s TWITR Project with grant numbers
2731701 and 2731702 for the purpose of helping schools become safer environments for learning.
Executive Vice President
F. Marie Hall Institute for Rural and Community Health
Billy U. Philips, Ph.D., M.P.H.
Core Team
Project Director: Matthew E. Lambert, Ph.D.
Writer: LaMencia Berryhill, M.Ed.; LPC
Amanda Freeman, M.Ed.; LPC
Ronald Martin, M.C.; LPC
Program Objectives
1. Understand the different forms of cannabis, marijuana,
and hashish
2. Recognize the difference between natural and synthetic
marijuana
3. Understand the effect of natural vs. synthetic cannabis
on the adolescent brain
4. Understand the relationship between Cannabis, Mental
Health, and Criminal Behavior,
5. Know where to look for substance abuse treatment
services
Top Drugs among 8th and
th
1
12 Graders
2
Cannabis Facts
 History
 The cannabis plant has been used both medicinally and
recreationally for thousands of years. It wasn't until the early 19th
century that the use of cannabis to get high spread from China and
the Middle East to Europe then America in the 1930’s. Cannabis
became illegal in the U.S. in 1937 yet has been increasingly
popular since that time.
 Description
 Cannabis is a fast-growing bushy plant with seven leaves that can
grow below your knees to as tall as a house. It reaches full growth
in about 6 months. During that time it produces Δ9tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) which when smoked or eaten causes
the an alteration of consciousness. It is the most widely used illegal
substance. Cannabis also has a long history of medicinal and
industrial use, including making clothing and rope.
Common Names
* Weed
* Pot
* Reefer
* Grass
* Dope
* Ganja
* Mary Jane
* Hash
* Herb
* Aunt Mary
* Skunk
* Boom
* Chronic
* Cheeba
* Blunt
* Ashes
* Atshitshi
* Bomber
* Boom
* Broccoli
* Cripple
* Dagga
* Dinkie Dow
* Ding
* Dona Juana (or Juanita)
* Flower, Flower Tops
* Ganja
* Gasper
* Giggle Smoke
* Good Giggles
* Good Butt
* Hot Stick
* Jay
* Jolly Green
* Joy Smoke, Joy Stick
* Roach
 Effects and Classification
 Cannabis is classified by the U.S. Government as a Schedule 2
drug having a high potential for abuse leading to severe
psychological or physical dependence.
 It can produce intoxicating effects that can either excite or
depress the user. In high quantities there can be hallucinations,
paranoia, anxiety, or irrational thinking.
Cannabis, Marijuana, and HashishWhat’s the Difference ? 3
There is no plant named ‘marijuana’, so from a botanical point of view,
‘cannabis’ is the correct term.
• Marijuana is a term used to describe the dried flowers and leaves of the
cannabis plant. Although the least potent of all the cannabis products, it
is usually smoked and is the most widely available and used.
• Hashish is made from the resin (a secreted gum) of the cannabis plant. It
is dried and pressed into small blocks and smoked. Like the dried flowers
and leaves, it can also be added to food and eaten. Hash oil, the most
potent cannabis product, is a thick oil obtained from hashish. It is also
smoked.
Natural Cannabis
1
Trends
4
Synthetic Cannabinoids (SC)
 History
 Synthetic cannabinoids, commonly known as “synthetic marijuana,”
are often sold in legal retail outlets as “herbal incense” or “potpourri”,
and synthetic cathinones are often sold as “bath salts” or “jewelry
cleaner”. They are labeled “not for human consumption” to mask
their intended purpose and avoid Food and Drug Administration
(FDA) regulatory oversight of the manufacturing process.
 Description
 Synthetic cannabinoids are man-made chemicals that are applied
(often sprayed) onto plant material and marketed as a “legal”
high. Users claim that synthetic cannabinoids mimic (THC), the
primary psychoactive active ingredient in marijuana.
 Can be smoked, inhaled, or eaten
 Common Names
 K2, Spice, Black Mamba, Zombie World, G-Force,
Demon Passion Smoke, Berry Blend, Dank, Aroma,
Blaze.5
 Variety
 Producers of Synthetic Cannabis are constantly changing
the chemicals used to make synthetic cannabis. Therefore
the Drug Enforcement Administration has listed some
cannabis agents as “ imminent hazard to public safety”
and these agents are classified as schedule 1 substances.
As the make up of synthetic cannabis changes more
agents are temporarily added to the list.
Adolescent Synthetic & Natural
7
Cannabis Use
Monitoring the Future Study: Trends in Prevalence of Various Drugs for 8th Graders, 10th
Graders, and 12th Graders; 2011 - 2014 (in percent)*
8th Graders
Time
Period 2011 2012 2013 2014
Marijuana/ Lifetime 16.4 15.2 16.5 15.6
Hashish
Past
12.5 11.4 12.7 11.7
Year
Past
7.2 6.5
7
6.5
Month
Daily
13 1.1 1.1
1
K2/Spice
Past
4.4
4
3.3
(Synthetic Year
Marijuana)
Drug
10th Graders
12th Graders
2011 2012 2013 2014 2011 2012 2013 2014
34.5 33.8 35.8 33.7 45.5 45.2 45.5 44.4
28.8
28
17.6
17
29.8 [27.3 36.4 36.4 36.4 35.1
0]
18 16.6 22.6 22.9 22.7 21.2
3.6
-
3.5
8.8
4 [3.40] 6.6 6.5 6.5 5.8
7.4 [5.40] 11.4 11.3 [7.90] [5.80
Click on the video below to learn more about
alcohol and the teenage brain. A video
produced by Turning Point Training. 7
Click on the video below to learn more about
the teen brain and substance abuse. A video
produced by Robert Crown Center for Health
Education. 7
The Adolescent Brain and
8
Substance Use
Synthetic Cannabinoids Myths
Myth 1: All Synthetic Marijuana Is The Same
 Each batch is a unique blend of different herbs. Since there is no
agreed-upon formulation of synthetic marijuana, each batch of the
drug can vary widely in its effects both desired and undesired.9
Myth 2: The Effects of Synthetic Marijuana Compare to
Marijuana
 Medical and recovery experts say synthetic marijuana products
can be much more potent, equating it to LSD, with episodes of
extreme delusions and hallucinations in many cases. Emergency
departments across the U.S. have reported cases of dangerous side
effects, including heart attacks and seizures in people who said
they used synthetic cannabis. And again, the user has no idea what
they are putting into their bodies, including its potency or their
reaction to it.10
Synthetic Cannabinoids Myths
Myth 3: Synthetic Marijuana Is Not Detectable On Drug
Testing
 Specific urine and oral fluid tests have been developed for [over]
19 SCs; however most hospitals do not have these tests readily
available for point of care testing.6
Myth 4: Synthetic marijuana is safer than other drugs
because you can buy it in a store.
 Despite the fact that unethical store owners are willing to sell
synthetic marijuana, it is an illegal, underground product that store
employees literally hide under the counter. Its chemical
ingredients are often concocted in China, and you can almost
guarantee that the entire product is composed of adulterants and
psychoactive poisons that are addictive and cause many unwanted
effects. 11
The Law: Natural & Synthetic
Cannabis Use
Cannabis
 Illegal in most American states. In contradiction of federal law,
four American states have legalized the recreational use of
cannabis; Alaska, Oregon, Colorado and Washington. Efforts
to decriminalize cannabis have also been undertaken in a
number of countries including Switzerland, Italy, Chile, Spain,
Portugal, Mexico, Germany and the Czech Republic.12
Synesthetic Cannabis
 The Synthetic Drug Abuse Prevention Act, passed in July of
2012, made 15 cannabimimetic agents Schedule 1 Substances
and illegal in all 50 US States.6
Cannabis and Criminal
13
Behavior
• Juvenile drug possession occurs whenever a person under
the age of 18 knowingly controls a regulated drug or
substance without a legal reason. Possessing illegal
substances in this manner is a crime in all states, and one
that can lead to harsh penalties for juveniles.
• Juveniles who have drugs located in their rooms, school
lockers, or other areas over which they have control can
also be charged with this crime.
13
Penalties for Juveniles
Juvenile courts have a much wider range of options when dealing with
a juvenile offender than they would if the offender had been an adult.
• Drug counseling. Juvenile courts typically focus on rehabilitating young
people. Because of this, a juvenile court can order the juvenile offender,
as well as his or her parents, to attend drug counseling in hopes of
rehabilitating the teen.
• Probation. Juveniles may also be placed on probation for drug
possession. When a court orders probation, it orders the juvenile to
comply with some specific terms. For example, the court will likely
order the child to attend school regularly, maintain a job or find a job if
the teen is old enough, participate in drug counseling or family
counseling, perform community service, or a range of other
requirements. The court may also order the juvenile to regularly report to
a juvenile probation officer or court officer, though this is not always the
case. Probation lasts typically at least six months, but longer terms are
also possible
• Diversion. Diversion, also known as pretrial diversion or informal
probation, is also a common consequence for juvenile drug
possession offenders. Just as with probation, a juvenile on diversion
must comply with specific court rules. However, instead of the court
ordering probation, the juvenile is allowed to comply with the
diversion orders without having to formally go before the juvenile
court. If the juvenile successfully completes the diversion program,
the charges are essentially dismissed. However, not all jurisdictions
allow for juvenile diversion programs and it is usually available for
first-time offenders only.
• Detention. In rare cases a court can order a juvenile into detention
for drug possession. Detention can involve home confinement,
placement with a foster family or guardian, placement with a juvenile
home, or placement in a juvenile detention center. Drug possession
cases do not typically result in detention unless the juvenile is a
repeat offender or other factors are present, such as if the drug
possession occurred as the result of robbery or violent crime.
Cannabis and Mental
14
Health
• Early marijuana use is associated with the development
later in life of serious mental health disorders: addiction,
major depression, anxiety, and psychotic disorders such
as schizophrenia.
• Daily use of cannabis in high school is associated with a
six-fold increase in depression and anxiety later in life.
• Taking high doses of marijuana can cause short-term
acute psychosis with symptoms such as hallucinations,
delusions, and loss of the sense of personal identity.
Texas Tragedy: The Story of
15
Jesse High
On the morning of June 26, 2013, before heading to work at a
bingo hall in Amarillo, Texas, Roni Cannon had a premonition.
When her son Jesse High, 18, had started smoking something he
called K2 about 12 months before, Cannon thought it was just a
strong tobacco he reacted badly to. She disapproved, but when
she asked him what it was, he said it was no big deal. “This is
like legal marijuana,” he told her. Cannon knew smoke shops
sold K2, so she accepted his answer—and some of the effects did
seem similar to those of marijuana. Jesse often had bloodshot
eyes and acted sleepy and incoherent. But there were other, more
worrisome signs: her once cheerful son had become easily
aggravated, and when she hugged him, she noticed, he smelled
like an alkaline battery that had exploded. She urged him to quit,
but things only got worse.
When Jesse threatened to hurt his younger sister during a dispute
over the remote, Cannon felt she had no choice but to kick him
out.
In the last week of June, buoyed by a promise that he’d stopped
using K2, Cannon went to visit Jesse at his new job at the Texas
Chicken Wok. He seemed better. He had put weight back on, and
his boss told her Jesse was one of his best workers. Jesse said he
was sorry he’d missed his sister’s birthday. As soon as he got his
next paycheck, he promised, he would take her out. Just a few
days later, Cannon had her premonition. “I guess you could call
it a mother’s intuition or something. Something was just nagging
at me to call him, to check on him.” She didn’t have time before
work, so she thought, I’ll call him on my break— make sure he’s
O.K., “and I went to work.”
On June 26, emergency services received a call at 12:02 p.m.
“Amarillo 911. What’s the address of your emergency?” says a
female operator’s voice on the recording. The other voice belongs
to the friend who discovered Jesse High: “Yes, ma’am, um, this is
... one of my friends. I just came from my house and I opened the
door, and like I don’t know if he’s all right. He’s not waking up.”
The operator, who dispatched the paramedics, asks, “Is he
breathing?” “Nope.” For the next five minutes the operator
repeatedly counts one, two, three, four, as the friend gives Jesse
CPR.
About two hours after the 911 call, two police officers arrived at
the bingo hall and told Roni Cannon that her son was dead. The
cause of death was “probable complications of synthetic
cannabinoid ingestion,” according to the official autopsy report
by Dr. Thomas R. Parsons for Potter County.
Substance Abuse Services for Children and
Adolescents16
The Texas Department of State Health Services Mental Health and Substance Abuse
Division funds providers of mental health and substance abuse services who then assist
children and adolescents in need of such services.
Finding Services
If you are faced with an emergency, please dial 9-1-1.
To find substance abuse treatment services in your area, please call, toll free, 1877-9-NO DRUG (1-877-966-3784) for immediate and confidential help, 24 hours a
day, seven days a week, or search online for the nearest substance abuse treatment
program.
To find substance abuse prevention services in your area, please call, toll free, 1877-9-NO DRUG (1-877-966-3784) or search online for the nearest substance abuse
Prevention Resource Center. Please note that search results will include all DSHSfunded prevention and intervention service providers for that county in addition to the
Prevention Resource Centers.
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