Transcript Simple Genetics

But IS this how it works?
T or F?
F
Baldness is inherited from the mother.
 You can inherit traits from your grandparents.
F
 Genes can change after birth.
T
???
 Genetics is more important than environment.
T
 We can choose the traits of our children.
 Personality traits are inherited.
T
 All genes are active all the time.
F
T
 Two blue eyed people cannot have a brown eyed child.
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How are our genetics determined?
G1
G2
G3
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G4
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Simple Genetics
What are chromosomes?
Where are chromosomes?
Where is DNA?
What is this?
A cell
What is this?
?
A nucleus
What is in the nucleus?
chromosomes
What are on the chromosomes?
genes
What are genes made of?
DNA
So, where is DNA found?
In EVERY living thing
 Plants, animals, bacteria, viruses
 In EVERY cell with a nucleus*
 In the genes of every cell
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* exception, RED BLOOD CELL
NOW YOU KNOW!
Genetics
Law
Ethics
Politics
Genetics and the Court
Criminal
Civil
Patents
rape
murder
others
Negligence
intellectual property
patenting genes
drug development
class action suits
DNA
dragnets
data bases
causation
damages
product liability
class action suits
testing
information leakage
law suits
drug companies
Frye v US ( DC 293 F. 1013 US1923)
Page 20
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Science: polygraph
 Should this be
admitted?
 The court decided
that it wasn’t
accepted in the
science community.
 AND…..
The Frye Questions
These questions were used until 1993 to determine scientific
relevance!
CASES DECIDED USING FRYE
US v Tranowski (1981)
US v Brady (1979)
Lindsey v US (1956)
US v Gould (1984)
Hawthorne v State (1982)
Sprynczynatyk v GM (1985)
Use of shadow length in a photo to set time
Microscopic hair analysis
Sodium pentothal
Pathological gambling as a defense
Battered wife syndrome
Hypnotically induced testimony
Courts must decide what is “junk
science” (p.199)
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http://www.abanet.org/crimjust/juvjus/simmons.html
Christopher Simmons Case
(Missouri v Simmons)
In 1993, Simmons, 17, and two
other boys pushed a woman off
a RR trestle into a river
Amicus Briefs for the Simmons’
attorneys argument used new
information on Teenage brains.
Argument against executing
teens
Kids swap DNA for fairground rides
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In 2010, at MN state fair
researchers gave 10
free tickets and, a
backpack and free
admission to future fairs
to families whose
childern “spit for
science”.
 Why?
 Informed consent.
But, at UC Berkley, a few years ago…
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Incoming freshman
were asked to collect
and send cheek cells.
The testing would
highlight 3 genes.
Wrong or Right?
Ethical and legal
arguments?
invitation
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Jasper Rine,
Professor of
genetics