Transcript Injections
Injections Introduction to Veterinary Science Miss Tonnessen Supplies • Antiseptic • Syringes • Needles • Drug or medication Always read the label • Before using any product, always read the label • • • • • • • Product name Usage directions Instructions for preparation Formulation Warning statements (hazards to human health) Withdrawal time Precautionary statements regarding storage and safe handling • Species, class of livestock, diseases to be used to treat • Route of administration Always read the label • Restricted uses (do not use in lactating cattle) • Directions to read package insert for more detailed instructions • Ask your veterinarian for more complete instructions • Expiration date • Lot number (manufacturer’s production batch) Extra-label use of Drugs (ELUD) • Products used in any manner other than that recommended on the label • Can ONLY be done on the specific, written recommendation of your veterinarian • Provide additional information needed to use the product • If those directions are not followed • Withdrawal times may not be accurate • Product may not work as expected Preparing the product • Clean the bottle tops with a small amount of rubbing alcohol • Cotton swab or cotton ball • Only enter the bottle with a sterile needle • Don’t leave a needle in the bottle during storage • Store all products according to label directions preparation • Wash your hands • Use disposable syringes and needles whenever possible • Can re-sterilize by autoclaving • High temperature, pressurized steam cleaning technique • Use hot water and mild disinfectants to clean syringes and needles Needles • Choose the smallest needle size (diameter) that is reasonable to use for the product type and volume • Minimizes tissue damage and reduce leakage of the product from the injection site • Correct length for the type of injection • Shorter needles (1.0 to 0.5 in)—subcutaneous • Longer needles (1.5 in)—intramuscular Animal Restraint • Prevents • Injury to you and the animal • Needles breaking off • Accidental self-injection • Allows for good visualization of injection site Volume • No greater than the recommended • Label • Split large volumes into smaller amounts and inject at different locations • Intramuscular—no more than 10 mL per site • Subcutaneous—no more than 20 mL per site Mixing • Do NOT combine vaccines or products in the same bottle or syringe • Unless the label clearly states to do so • Can cause adverse reactions by changing the pH or the chemical composition • Shake or agitate products as directed on the label prior to use to ensure they stay in proper suspension in the bottle Intramuscular injections • Choose muscle tissue of lesser value • Neck • After filling the syringe, point the syringe upwards and tap the barrel with your finger to make air bubbles move upwards into the syringe tip • Slowly, push the plunger to eject the air bubbles from the syringe before injecting the product • Enter perpendicular to the skin surface • Ensure you go deep into the muscle tissue • Ensure you aren’t in a blood vessel Subcutaneous injections • If given the choice between SQ and IM, choose SQ • Half-way up the neck in front of the shoulder or over the ribs well behind the shoulder • Make a “tent” with the skin • Lift the fold • Insert the needle through one side of the tent at an angle of about 30-45 degrees • Not possible to make the tent on pigs Intravenous • Specialized technique that requires expertise and practice • Get advice and training from your veterinarian Consequences • Treatment failure • Drug residues in meat or milk • Animal suffering and incapacitation due to nerve damage and swelling from tissue reactions • Excessive trim at slaughter • Due to abscess, scarring, broken needles • Shock or death • If medications unintentionally enter the bloodstream • Accidental human injection Treatment records • All treatments given to food animals should be permanently recorded to ensure withdrawal time requirements are met • Improve treatment decisions • Permanent records should include: • • • • • • Animal’s identification Date treatment was given Product name Dosage Site Time when meat or milk will be ready for sale