Transcript What is AIDS? - Cloudfront.net

1st step: Attachment
= Same
2nd Step: Entry =
Same
3rd step: Replication
– Provirus Created
Virus
DNA
• Virus DNA
combines with cell
DNA
– Infected cell
divides by mitosis
and copies the
provirus
– Each new cell will
contain the
provirus
Provirus
Procell
virus
DNA
Provirus
4th Step: Assembly
Same, except many
new viruses are
being assembled in
many cells
5th Step: Release
Same, except many
cells burst releasing
many more viruses
The viral DNA become active and starts making new viral proteins
The infected cells burst…releasing the new viruses
HIV/AIDS
Retroviruses
Normal Transcription
DNA  RNA
Reverse Transcription
RNA  DNA
• Type of RNA virus
• Contain enzyme called “reverse
transcriptase”
• Steps
– 1) Virus RNA enters host cell
– 2) Reverse transcription
changes the virus RNA into
DNA
– 3) Virus DNA fuses with cell
DNA (provirus created)
• Viral DNA lays dormant
– 4) Infected cell divides and
spreads the virus
– 5) Eventually, the viral DNA
becomes active in many cells
• Viral DNA  Viral RNA  Viral proteins
How is HIV contracted?
High Risk Activities
Low Risk Activities
• High risk activities: • Low risk activities:
– 1) Sex (oral, vaginal,
anal)
– 2) Sharing needles
(tattoos, piercings,
drugs)
– 3) Mother to child in womb
– 4) Breast milk
– 5) Blood transfusions
HIV Prevention
• 100% Effective:
Abstinence (not
participating in sexual
acts)
• If sexually active:
Latex condoms are the
only forms of birth
control that prevent
STDs and pregnancy
• If drug user: Change
needles
What is AIDS?
• Acquired Immunodeficiency
Syndrome
• AIDS results when:
– 1) Amount of T-cells drop
(200 T-cells per 1mm³
blood)
– 2) Multiple
symptoms/infections
appear
• Rash, fever, headache,
sore throat, swollen
lymph nodes
• Therefore, the HIV virus
causes the disease AIDS by
killing your T-cells
What is AIDS?
Gender of those living with HIV (2003)
• Acquired Immunodeficiency
Syndrome
• AIDS results when:
– 1) Amount of T-cells drop
(200 T-cells per 1mm³
blood)
– 2) Multiple
symptoms/infections
appear
• Rash, fever, headache,
sore throat, swollen
lymph nodes
• Therefore, the HIV virus
causes the disease AIDS by
killing your T-cells
What is AIDS?
2009: New Infections
MSM: Men having sex with men
IDU: Intravenous drug users (share
needles)
MSM/IDU: Men who share needles and
have sex with men
• Acquired Immunodeficiency
Syndrome
• AIDS results when:
– 1) Amount of T-cells drop
(200 T-cells per 1mm³
blood)
– 2) Multiple
symptoms/infections
appear
• Rash, fever, headache,
sore throat, swollen
lymph nodes
• Therefore, the HIV virus
causes the disease AIDS by
killing your T-cells
What is AIDS?
Female Transmission of HIV
(2006)
• Acquired Immunodeficiency
Syndrome
• AIDS results when:
– 1) Amount of T-cells drop
(200 T-cells per 1mm³
blood)
– 2) Multiple
symptoms/infections
appear
• Rash, fever, headache,
sore throat, swollen
lymph nodes
• Therefore, the HIV virus
causes the disease AIDS by
killing your T-cells
1.
2.
In order list the stages of the lytic/lysogenic cycles.
In which stage…
•
•
•
•
does the host cell explode?
are virus proteins built to make new viruses?
is a provirus created?
does a virus connect with the host cell’s receptors?
3.
4.
5.
Which two objects make up a provirus?
Name the enzyme found within retroviruses.
The picture shows the normal steps of protein synthesis. Fill in the question marks
with the words: Translation, Protein, Transcription, DNA
6.
The picture below shows the steps of a retrovirus. Fill in the question marks with
the words: viral RNA, transcription, translation, reverse transcription, viral DNA