Transcript drugs and their effects 15

Drugs & Their Effects
Ms Markowski
2 Types of Drug Effects
1.Therapeutic: Intended effects = GOOD
2.Non-therapeutic: Unintended effects = BAD
• Drug Delivery Methods (fast to slow):
1. Smoke/Inhale
2. Intravenous
3. Snorted
4. Orally/Ingest
5.Transdermal
*It MATTERS how you put the drug in your body**
Any drug/medicine can be toxic at a certain dose
FYI: Scheduling of Drugs
Schedule I:
- high potential for abuse
- most dangerous
- no accepted medical use in US
crack, marijuana, ecstasy
heroin, GHB, LSD, psilocybin
Schedule II:
- High potential for abuse
- Has current accepted medical use in US with severe restrictions
- Abuse may lead to severe dependence
cocaine, morphine, ritalin
codeine, oxycontin, adderall
Schedule III:
- Less abuse potential than schedules I and II
- Has accepted medical use in US
- Abuse many lead to moderate dependence
anabolic steroids
testosterone, marinol
hydrocodone
Schedule IV:
- Low potential for abuse
- Has accepted medical use in US
- Abuse may lead to limited dependence
Schedule V:
- Very low potential for abuse - prescriptions not always required
- Has accepted medical use in US
- DOES NOT mean non-lethal
Valium, anti-depressants
Xanax,
Robitussin
Remember your Liver
• our “detox” organ
• Processes all drugs &
alcohol consumed
• It does get damaged
over time
6 Classes of Drugs
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Stimulants
Depressants
Hallucinogens
Narcotics/Opiates/Prescription Pain drugs
“Club Drugs”
Inhalants
1. Stimulants
• INCREASE Central Nervous
system (CNS)
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Heart rate &Breathing
Blood pressure & sweating
Anxiety & movement
“feel energetic and awake”
• Cocaine/crack
• Amphetamines
(Adderal/Ritalin/Vyvanse)
• Methamphetamines
• Nicotine
• Caffeine (coffee, soda, tea,
chocolate)
More about Cocaine
Schedule II: Highly addictive, very abused, restricted medical use
Medical Use: Used medically as a numbing agent
Effects: Short high(15-30 minutes)
• increased heart rate/blood pressure - constricts blood vessels
• increased energy/very alert high
- wakefulness
• decreased appetite
• THEN HUGE CRASH!
Concerns:
• Stimulating effect: dangerous to heart
• Changes experience of “pleasure”
• Expensive and VERY physically addictive
Lacing Issues
More about Methamphetamines
• Produced in labs, often in homes
• Made of household chemicals and poisons
Effects/Problems: More intense high than cocaine
- Dental problems - weight loss - violent behavior - psychosis
- Paranoia - delusions
- meth “bugs”
Extremely addictive, very toxic to body due to ingredients
Serious withdrawals up to 7 days after last use (meth bugs)
More about Amphetamines: “Speed”
- Adderall
• Medical Uses:
- Ritalin - Vyvanse
Narcolepsy,
AD/HD
• Recreational Uses: stay awake longer, “concentrate”
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Concerns/Effects:
Sudden Heart attack, weight loss, sleeplessness,
depression, suicidal thoughts, addiction
Cause a “down/depressed” feeling after use: WANT MORE
• AMPHETAMINE PSYCHOSIS
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?index=18&feature=PlayList&v=1XIdSvv6eEA&list=PLED44D7A51F65
D394
Bath Salts (MDVP)
methylenedioxygpyrovalerone
What is it? man made powerful Stimulants with hallucinogenic effects,
cheaper and stronger than cocaine and “speed”.
Concerns: 10x more powerful than cocaine or speed and can last for days
sometimes hospitalization needed
– Panic Attacks / Fits / Delusions -suicidal and homicidal
– Sweating
- Seizures - Nosebleeds
– Severe Paranoia / Psychosis
More on Bath Salts
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Marketed as a salt for “taking a bath”
Sold as a powder in small foil packages or jars
“If you take the worst parts of meth, cocaine, PCP, LSD, and ecstacy, you
get an effect similar to bath salts.
•Legal Status:
•has put 24 of the main chemicals used
•to make bath salts on the Schedule I list, but…there’s over 100 different bath
salt chemicals in circulation
2. Depressants
• SLOW DOWN CNS:
– Heart rate & Breathing
– Blood pressure & body temp
– Feel relaxed & sleepy
• Examples:
– Alcohol
– GHB/Rohypnol
– Rx Anxiety drugs
• Valium, Xanax, Klonipin, Ativan
– Sedatives
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Haldol and sleeping pills
More on Rohypnol and GHB
• Colorless, odorless, tasteless....just like water!
• Medical Uses: Sleeping Medicine in foreign countries, NOT U.S.
Why is it used as a Date Rape Drug?:
• - Muscle relaxation
- Decreased heart rate and blood pressure
• - Drowsy
- Unconscious state
• - Amnesia
- Disoriented
• Onset and Duration of Effects: 20 minutes ------24 hours
- Initial side effects similar to ALCOHOL!
• Prevention Tactics -----------------------
– Watch your drink / never leave it on a table
– Don’t drink something another person gives you!
Video
What Would You Do
Check out Alcohol ppt
3 reasons that alcohol is dangerous to teen brain:
1. Brain is still growing in general
– alcohol will stunt that growth
2.Amygdala is swollen
– Alcohol feels better and is more addictive to
teens
3.Prefrontal cortex (PFC) is still developing
– Alcohol interferes directly with the PFC, leading
to poorer decision making and risky behaviors
3. Hallucinogens
• Make you SEE, HEAR, FEEL things
that are not real;
– also can cause paranoia / anxiety
– “Flashbacks” years later
• Examples:
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Marijuana
LSD &PCP
Hashish / salvia
Mushrooms (‘shrooms)
Mescaline (peyote cactus)
All About Marijuana
• Cannabis sativa plant
• THC (tetra-hydracannabinol)
Within 15-30 minutes of smoking marijuana…
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rapid heart rate & increased breathing rate
low blood pressure
red eyes & dry mouth (blood expansion due to low b.p.)
increased appetite, "munchies“
slowed reaction time/decrease in coordination
distorted sense of time, vision, taste (the hallucination!!)
Euphoria or Paranoia
short-term memory loss
Some people experience panic attacks and loss of control
Stays in body for ~30 days as it is stored in fatty tissues
Overtime, smoking marijuana can lead to…
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Increasing short-term Memory loss
Learning disabilities/Poor academic achievement
Distraction and loss of attention span
Anxiety and panic attacks
Lowered immune function
Respiratory problems/Lung infections/Cancers
- Damage to testes and ovaries (cancer)
- Decreased sperm count and quality
- Lower sex drive
- Impotence
- Menstrual cycle changes
- AND NOW....it CAN LEAD TO ADDICTION, too (thanks genetic
engineering!)
Medical Marijuana
Diseases:
- Cancer
- AIDS
-Glaucoma
-Multiple Sclerosis
-Severe anorexia
3 general benefits
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Decrease nausea/vomiting
Increase appetite
Can lessen perception of pain
All states laws are different
Marijuana 101
Schizophrenia vs. Drug Induced Psychosis Study
IQ declines
• Is it addictive? Read about it here: Notre Dame
~17% of teens who try it become addicted
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~40% of daily users become addicted
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- 17% of all rehab admissions
• Withdrawal Symptoms:1-3 weeks after last use
• Irritability
- sleeplessness - aggression
- Anxiety
- depression
- cravings
Marijuana 101
Effects on heart and cardiovascular system?
- Significant increase in hr/low bp
- 4-8x more likely to have a heart attack
- More dangerous if you have a pre-existing condition
Effects on the lungs and respiratory system?
• Some studies: 60% more cancer-causing than tobacco
•No filter: irritating to airway/smoke is held in
•-Increased incidence of emphysema/cough/infections
•article
History
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1919-1933: Alcohol Prohibition/Marijuana Menace
1937: Marijuana Tax Act
1944-60’s: Reports reveal change in effects
1970: Controlled Substances Act
1996: First Medical Approval
1996-2012: More states legalize for medicinal purposes
2005: Federal law trumps state law upheld
June 2011: Schedule I Debated/Decriminalization
Nov 2012: Colorado and Washington first to legalize
Federal Law:
Schedule I (Completely ILLEGAL)
K2/Spice: Synthetic Marijuana
Marketed as Herbal Incense: Hallucinogen
• More dangerous than marijuana
• “couch lock” one effect – an inability to move
despite being conscious.
• loss of consciousness, paranoia, and
occasionally, psychotic episodes,”
• Synthetic cannabis is a psychoactive
designer drug derived of natural herbs
sprayed with synthetic chemicals
• 5 of the common chemicals used to make
synthetic marijuana became schedule I in
march of 2011 but they come up with new
drugs (like bath salts) to use
Maine has banned many of the chemicals, but not
all of them
4. Narcotics/Opiates/Rx Pain Drugs
• Highly addictive,
• Relief from SEVERE pain
• Nausea & drowsiness
• Examples:
– Heroin
• Examples Rx drugs:
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Oxycontin
Vicodin
Hydrocodone
Percocet
Dilaudid
Morphine
Methadone/suboxone
More about Rx Pain Drugs
Oxycontin, Hydrocodone, Percocet, Vicodin, Dilaudid
ALL OPIATES/NARCOTICS ARE HABIT FORMING!!:
Effects: Euphoric, relaxed, drowsy, nausea, vomiting, itching
-easily addictive---withdrawals (same as heroin)
• Controlled Release: Drugs are coated to provide
pain relief over time (12 hrs.)
• Recreational Use:
- Concern for respiratory depression - Decreased brain function
- Mood changes
- Confusion
- Numbness in arms/legs
- Vomiting/Nausea
- Slurred Speech - Coma/Death
- Will cause withdrawals and Tolerance
•Issue in Maine?
Pharm Parties
• Treatment for Opiate
addiction: Methadone
(a.k.a. Suboxone)
Given Orally(by pill)
Has gradual onset, reduces
desire for heroin & opiates
• Synthetic opiate medication
that binds to the same
receptors in the brain that
heroin binds
• Not intoxicating or
sedating...can still function
More about Heroin
• Schedule I: Very dangerous, no medical use, very addictive,
CHEAPER than Rx Drugs with similar effect
• Initial Effects: “Euphoric Rush”---feel warm, heavy, cloudy,
drowsy
• Chronic Use: Tolerance develops quickly, significant withdrawal
symptoms when not high; “keep the sick off”
• Withdrawals = severe pain, vomiting, diarrhea,
• cold flashes, muscle spasms, insomnia
• Usually persist for one week after last use
Narcan
• Rx drug to prevent death
from Heroin overdose
5. Club Drugs
• Combinations of
hallucinogens & stimulants
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Sweating, increases in hb, bp
Increased energy & seizures
Delusions & psychosis
Teeth grinding & nosebleeds
Heart attack and death
• Examples:
– Ecstasy (love drug)
hallucinogen & stimulant
– Ketamine (cat tranquilizer)
hallucinogen & stimulant
Cough Syrup Abuse (with DXM)
Hallucinogenic Drug when ABUSED
Laws: Some states limit access to age 18+, and/or
limit quantities a person can purchase
Effects: Dizzy/Light Headed/Hallucinations
Other Common Effects/Concerns/Issues:
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Nauseous/Vomiting
Fatigue
Flashbacks
Insomnia
Permanent Damage to Thinking Skills
Permanent Liver & Brain Damage
Seizures
Death
6. Inhalants
• Not drugs, they are POISON!
• Household products that produce a high by breathing
them in
• Trick brain into thinking it is Oxygen when it is really
poison
• ANY perceived “high” is really the brain shutting down
• Effects: death, dizziness, blackout, trouble with vision
and hearing, nausea, headache, memory problems,
brain cell death
– 39% of inhalant deaths are 1st time users
More about Inhalants / POISON
Duration of high = 15 seconds – 2 minutes
Concerns:
IMMEDIATE death of brain cells
Hypoxia: Decrease in the oxygen supply in the bloodstream
Sudden Sniffing Death Syndrome
In The News
VIDEO
Video 2
STEROIDS
• Examples:
– Testosterone & androgens
– HGH
• Effects:
• Increase muscle mass
• Develop secondary sex
characteristics (puberty) of
the opposite gender
• acne, infertility, liver cancer,
sexual dysfunction
• Roid rage”
Drug Exam Review
1. 3 parts of the brain impacted by drugs & functions limbic system,
prefrontal cortex & brain stem
2. Define Tolerance & Addiction
3. ALL about alcohol & 3 reasons it’s so bad for teens
4. Effects of the 6 categories of drugs
5. Why marijuana today is stronger than it was 20 years ago
6. Brief description & effects of all the specific drugs we talked about (see
back of Drug Practice Quiz 1)
7. Explain how drugs change the brain in 2 ways (neurotransmitters and
receptors, leading to tolerance)
8. Drug delivery methods (fastest to slowest)
9. 2 reasons why GHB/Rohypnol is used as date rape drug
10. ½ ounce/hour rule for alcohol and .02 BAC/hour rule (know the math)
11. Healthy decision making process
FYI: A “Drug Lab”