Transcript What is Ointments?

Ointments
What is Ointments?
Medicinal
application of the
Ointment
Ointment bases
Preparation of the
Ointments
Storage and
dispensing
Ointments
What is
Ointments?
Creams
Pasts
Medicinal
application of the
Ointment
Ointment bases
Preparation of the
Ointments
Storage and
dispensing
Ointments
What is
Ointments?
• Any greasy or oily semi-solid
preparation, usually
medicated, that can be
applied externally to the skin
in order to heal, soothe or
protect it.
• It is a viscous semisolid
preparation used topically on
a variety of body surfaces.
Creams
Pasts
Medicinal
application of the
Ointment
Ointment bases
Preparation of the
Ointments
Storage and
dispensing
Ointments
What is
Ointments?
Drug ingredients can be
dissolved, emulsified or
suspended in the ointment
base.
The word ointment comes from
the Latin ungere meaning
anoint with oil.
Creams
Pasts
Medicinal
application of the
Ointment
Ointment bases
Preparation of the
Ointments
Storage and
dispensing
Ointments
What is
Ointments?
Creams
• Are ointments of a particularly
soft consistency they are
usually emulsion ointments.
• They are viscous liquid or
semisolid emulsions of oil-inwater or water-in-oil type.
• Easier to spread and easier to
remove than ointments.
Pasts
Medicinal
application of the
Ointment
Ointment bases
Preparation of the
Ointments
Storage and
dispensing
Ointments
What is
Ointments?
Creams
• Have very solid consistency and
contain usually relatively large
quantities of solids.
• Contain a larger percentage of
solid material than ointments
(thicker and stiffer).
• Will not soften and flow after
application .
Pasts
Medicinal
application of the
Ointment
Ointment bases
Preparation of the
Ointments
Storage and
dispensing
Ointment
What is Ointments?
Midicinal
application of
the Ointment
Ointment bases
Preparation of the
Ointments
Storage and
dispensing
Ointment
What is Ointments?
• Ointments are used topically for
several purposes, e.g., as
Midicinal
protectants, antiseptics,
application of
emollients, antipruritics,
kerotolytics, and astringents.
the Ointment
• In the case of a protective ointment,
Ointment bases
it serves to protect the skin against
Preparation of the
moisture, air, sun rays and other
Ointments
external factors.
Storage and
dispensing
• It is necessary that the ointment
neither penetrates the human skin
barriers nor facilitates the
absorption of substances through
this barrier.
Ointment
What is Ointments?
• An antiseptic ointment is used
to destroy or inhibit the
Midicinal
growth of bacteria.
application of
Frequently bacterial
the Ointment
infections are deeply seated; a
Ointment bases
base which has the capacity to
Preparation of the
either penetrate or dissolve and
Ointments
release the medication
Storage and
dispensing
effectively is therefore desired.
• Ointments used for their
emollient effect should be easy
to apply, be non-greasy and
effectively penetrate the skin.
Ointments
What is Ointments?
Medicinal
application of the
Ointment
Ointment
bases
Oleaginous O.B.
Absorption O.B.
W/O emulsion O.B.
O/W emulsion O.B.
Water miscible O.B.
Choice of the O.B.
Ideal O.B.
Preparation of the
Ointments
Storage and
dispensing
Ointments
There are five (5) classes or types
of ointment bases which are
differentiated on the basis of
their physical composition.
These are:
1. Oleaginous bases.
2. Absorption bases.
3. Water in oil emulsion bases.
4. Oil in water emulsion bases.
5. Water soluble or water
miscible bases.
What is Ointments?
Medicinal
application of the
Ointment
Ointment
bases
Oleaginous O.B.
Absorption O.B.
W/O emulsion O.B.
O/W emulsion O.B.
Water miscible O.B.
Choice of the O.B.
Ideal O.B.
Preparation of the
Ointments
Storage and
dispensing
Ointments
What is Ointments?
• These bases are fats, fixed oils,
Medicinal
hydrocarbon or silicones.
application of the
Ointment
• They are anhydrous, greasy, nonwashable does not absorb water and
Ointment
occlusive (form a film on skin so it
bases
increases the skin hydration by
reducing the rate of loss of surface
Oleaginous O.B.
Absorption O.B.
water.
W/O emulsion O.B.
emulsion O.B.
• They should not be applied to inffected Water O/W
miscible O.B.
skin.
Choice of the O.B.
Ideal O.B.
• they are used as protectants, emollients
, vehicles for hydrolyzable drugs.
Preparation of the
Ointments
• Example: White Petrolatum, White
Storage and
Ointment
dispensing
Ointments
• Oleaginous base + w/o surfactant.
• Anhydrous but hydrophilic ointment
bases, they can absorb several times
their weight of water to form water-inoil emulsion.
• They are non-washable, not water
soluble
• They used as protectants, emollients
(+/-), vehicles for aqueous solutions,
solids, and non-hydrolyzable drugs.
• Example: Hydrophilic Petrolatum,
Anhydrous Lanolin, Aquabase™,
Aquaphor®, Polysorb®
What is Ointments?
Medicinal
application of the
Ointment
Ointment
bases
Oleaginous O.B.
Absorption O.B.
W/O emulsion O.B.
O/W emulsion O.B.
Water miscible O.B.
Choice of the O.B.
Ideal O.B.
Preparation of the
Ointments
Storage and
dispensing
Ointments
What is Ointments?
• These are anhydrous, hydrophilic,
Medicinal
absorbs water and non water
application of the
Ointment
removable, with low thermal
conductivity and occlusive.
Ointment
• They have the same properties as
bases
the absorption basees.
Oleaginous O.B.
Absorption O.B.
• They are used as emollients,
W/O emulsion
cleansing creams, vehicles for
O.B.
solid, liquid, or non-hydrolyzable
O/W emulsion O.B.
Water miscible O.B.
drugs .
Choice of the O.B.
Ideal O.B.
• Examples: Cold Cream type,
Preparation of the
Hydrous Lanolin, Rose Water
Ointments
Ointment, Hydrocream™,
Storage and
Eucerin®, Nivea® .
dispensing
Ointments
• These bases are anhydrous, water
soluble, absorb water and water
washable.
• They are either carbowaxes
Polyethylene Glycols (PEGs) or
hydrated gums (bentonite, gelatin,
cellulose derivatives).
• They are used as drug vehicles.
• Examples: PEG Ointment,
Polybase™
What is Ointments?
Medicinal
application of the
Ointment
Ointment
bases
Oleaginous O.B.
Absorption O.B.
W/O emulsion O.B.
O/W emulsion
O.B.
Water miscible O.B.
Choice of the O.B.
Ideal O.B.
Preparation of the
Ointments
Storage and
dispensing
Ointments
• These bases are anhydrous, water
soluble, absorb water and water
washable.
• They are either carbowaxes
Polyethylene Glycols (PEGs) or
hydrated gums (bentonite,
gelatin, cellulose derivatives).
• They are used as drug vehicles.
• Examples: PEG Ointment,
Polybase™
What is Ointments?
Medicinal
application of the
Ointment
Ointment
bases
Oleaginous O.B.
Absorption O.B.
W/O emulsion O.B.
O/W emulsion O.B
Water miscible
O.B.
Choice of the O.B.
Ideal O.B.
Preparation of the
Ointments
Storage and
dispensing
Ointments
What is Ointments?
Selection of the Appropriate Base
Medicinal
application of the
Based on:
Ointment
1. Desired release rate.
Ointment
2. Desirability for enhancement
bases
of percutaneous absorption.
Oleaginous O.B.
Absorption O.B.
3. Advisability of occlusion.
W/O emulsion O.B.
O/W emulsion O.B.
4. Short-term or long-term stability.
Water miscible O.B.
Choice of the
5. Influence of drug on consistency
O.B.
or other features of ointment
Ideal O.B.
base.
Preparation of the
Ointments
6. Patient factor - dry or weeping
Storage and
dispensing
(oozing) skin.
Ointments
Among the properties which an
Ideal ointment base
should possess are:
1. Does not retard wound
healing.
2. Low sensitization index.
3. Pharmaceutical elegance.
4. A low index of irritation.
5. Non dehydrating.
6. Non greasy.
7. Neutral in reaction.
8. Good keeping qualities.
What is Ointments?
Medicinal
application of the
Ointment
Ointment
bases
Oleaginous O.B.
Absorption O.B.
W/O emulsion O.B.
O/W emulsion O.B.
Water miscible O.B.
Choice of the O.B.
Ideal O.B.
Preparation of the
Ointments
Storage and
dispensing
Ointments
What is Ointments?
9. Compatible with common
Medicinal
application of the
medicaments.
Ointment
10.Efficient release of
Ointment
medicament at site of
bases
application.
Oleaginous O.B.
Absorption O.B.
O.B.
11.Washability (easily removed W/O emulsion
O/W emulsion O.B.
with water).
Water miscible O.B.
Choice of the O.B.
12.Minimum number of
Ideal O.B.
ingredients.
Preparation of the
Ointments
13.Ease of compounding.
Storage and
dispensing
Ointment
What is Ointments?
Medicinal
application of the
Ointment
Ointment bases
Preparation of
the Ointments
Storage and
dispensing
Ointment
What is Ointments?
Medicinal
application of the
Ointment
Ointment bases
• Mix together (mortar & pestle,
spatula & slab)
Preparation of
• roller mill
the Ointments
• "levigating" the powder
Storage and
(reduction of particle size in
dispensing
suspending agent compatible
with the ointment base)
Ointment Mill
Electric Mortar and
Pestle
Ointment
What is Ointments?
Medicinal
application of the
Ointment
Ointment bases
In porcelain dish all or some
components of an ointment Preparation of
the Ointments
melted together and
cooled with constant stirring
Storage and
dispensing
until congealed, add nonmelting substances as the
ointment is being cooled and
stirred.
Ointment
What is Ointments?
Medicinal
application of the
Ointment
Ointment bases
Preparation of the
Ointments
Storage and
dispensing
Ointment
What is Ointments?
• Ointments should be stored in
Medicinal
application of the
tightly closed and completely
Ointment
filled containers
Ointment bases
Preparation of the
• Changes in temperature can
Ointments
lead to the crystallization of the
drug and to changes in the
Storage and
ointment base.
dispensing
• They are usually dispensed in
jars of glass or plastic material
or in collapsible tubes.
Ointment
• Sterile ointments must be
dispensed in tubes or single
dose units in order to protect
the product against
contamination during use.
• With tin tubes, there is a risk
of corrosion with hydrophilic
ointments.
What is Ointments?
Medicinal
application of the
Ointment
Ointment bases
Preparation of the
Ointments
Storage and
dispensing
Ointment
What is Ointments?
Medicinal
application of the
Ointment
Ointment bases
Preparation of the
Ointments
• Prepare the ointment. Select an
ointment jar that will just hold
Storage and
all of the formulation.
• Begin by taking some ointment. dispensing
• ..... and fill the bottom of
the ointment jar. Use the spatula
to put ointment
into the
crevices.
Ointment
What is Ointments?
• Continue adding ointment to the
Medicinal
application of the
jar again using the spatula to put
Ointment
the ointment along the sides of
Ointment bases
the jar.
Preparation of the
Ointments
• As you fill the jar, stab the spatula
into the ointment a couple of
Storage and
times. This will reveal air
dispensing
pockets that may have formed.
• Put the spatula halfway
across the filled jar, and
tilt in slightly.Rotate the
jar...
Ointment
What is Ointments?
• ...and this is make a
Medicinal
application of the
professional looking finish on
Ointment
Ointment bases
the top of the ointment.
Preparation of the
• Wipe off ointment from the
Ointments
threads of the jar.
Storage and
• Cap the ointment jar.
dispensing
Fadael A. Al-Saffar
Fatimah M. Al-Neemer
Leena N. Abdullatif
Manal A. Omran
Sukaina A. Al-Matrood