Transcript Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms

Pharmaceutics I
Introduction
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Pharmaceutics
• Pharmaceutics is the science of dosage form design.
• There are many chemicals with known
pharmacological properties but a raw chemical is of
no use to a patient.
• Pharmaceutics deals with the formulation of a pure
drug substance into a dosage form.
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Pharmaceutical dosage form
– determines the physical form of the final
pharmaceutical preparation.
– is a drug delivery system which is formed by
technological processing (drug formulation).
– must reflect therapeutic intentions, route of
administrations, dosing etc.
– Pharmaceutical dosage form consists of :
Active Drug Substance
Excipients
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• Subjects to discuss
• Active pharmaceutical ingredient - API.
• Direct clinical use of the active drug substances „as
they are“ is rare due to a number of good reasons
• The Need for Dosage Forms
• Excipients
• Pharmaceutical preparation (PP)
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Classification of pharmaceutical dosage forms
according to physical properties
– Gaseous dosage forms
– Liquid dosage forms
– Semisolid dosage forms
– Solid dosage forms
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Classification of pharmaceutical dosage forms
according to the route of administration
– for systemic administration
• Peroral (p.o)
• Sublingual (S.L) and buccal.
• Rectal
• Parenteral
• Transdermal
• Inhalation
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– for local administration
• Topical (on the skin or mucosa)
Into/onto - the eye, nose, ear
- the oral cavity
- the vagina, rectum
- the skin
• Oral (local effect within GIT; antacids,
adsorbents)
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Route of Drug Administration
Routs of Drug
administration
• The possible routes of drug entry into the
body may be divided into two classes:
– Enteral
– Parenteral
Parenteral Route of Drug
Administration
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Parenteral Routes:
Intravenous bolus (IV)
Intravenous infusion (IV inf)
Intramuscular injection (IM)
Subcutaneous injection (SC)
Inhalation
Enteral Routes
• Enteral - drug placed directly in the GI tract:
– sublingual (SL)- placed under the tongue
– oral - swallowing (p.o.)
– rectum (PR) - Absorption through the rectum
Inhalation and intranasal
• Rapid absorption.
• Total dose absorbed is variable .
• May be used for local or systemic effects.
• May stimulate cough reflex.
• Some drug may be swallowed.