Transcript The Rapid and Chronic Tolerance in Drosophila

Rapid and Chronic Tolerance of Ethanol in Drosophila
Melangastor
By: Paul Mascali, Anthony Anastasio
Abstract
Alcohol is the most abused drug in the world. 30
percent of Americans have reported having
some form of alcohol use dependence.
Drosophila is one of the only model organisms
that can metabolize ethanol or the pure form of
alcohol. While the ethanol is being metabolized
drosophila build up a tolerance. There are to
forms of tolerance, rapid and chronic tolerance.
These different forms are established by the
exposures of the ethanol. Both can be measured
in comparison to show flies that have built up a
tolerance can take in more ethanol than the flies
that have never been exposed to ethanol.
Need
Graph A
Alcohol has the largest
death rate out of all other
drugs
Graph B
disorders caused by
alcohol have increased
over the past 6 years
Knowledge Base
http://chidiet.com/images3/banana1.jpg
http://www.imsb.ethz.ch/researchgroup/hafene/researchprojects/Drosophila.jpg
Drosophila relate to
humans on a genetic level
Ethanol can be found in
the fermentation of fruits
Knowledge Base
Scale defined by Sullivan 2000
0
normal
behavior
1
continuous
grooming
2
Loss of flight
3
slow
locomotion
4
backward
locomotion
5
bouncing off
the walls
6
sever body
tremors
7
death
Literature Review
Rapid and chronic: two distinct forms of ethanol tolerance in Drosophila
Urizar, 07
Rapid tolerance-defined as the
attenuated response to ethanol that
occurs from a single exposure and after
elevated blood levels from the initial
exposure
Chronic tolerance-when they
are exposed for long amount
of time to small concentration
of the drug.
Literature Review
Rapid and Chronis: Two Distinct Forms of Ethanol Tolerance in Drosophila
Ulrike Heberlein
Rapid
Tolerance
75% alcohol for
15 minutes
100% alcohol for
7 minutes
Chronic
tolerance
10% alcohol for 4
hrs-2 days
10% alcohol for 24
hours
Literature Review
Drosophila
Homer Is
Required in a
Small Set of
Neurons
Including the
Ellipsoid Body
for Normal
Ethanol
Sensitivity
and Tolerance
Nancy L. Urizar
(alcohol)
(alcohol)
(alcohol)
Literature Review
Phillips, 06
ETHANOL TOLERANCE IN TEMPERATE DROSOPHILA
Lower the Temperature
the flies had
increased levels of
lipid biosynthetic
enzymes such as
phospholipase D
which betters
tolerance
Hypothesis
• null hypothesis-the drosophila that are
never exposed to ethanol will have the
weaker tolerance
• alternative hypothesis-based on the
findings of Ulrike Heberlein flies with
chronic tolerance will have a stronger
tolerance
Purpose
The purpose of the study is to show that
tolerance has an affect on the metabolism
of alcohol in drosophila melagastor.
Methodology/ do-ability
Air pump
Ethanol
beaker
Testing chamber
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(Taken by
author)
Methodology/ do-ability
Pipe controlling flow of ethanol
gas
Inebriometer
Ethanol Beaker
Air Pump
Funnel Layers
http://blog.wired.com/wiredscience/images/2007/11/01/inebriometer.gif
Test to determine when ethanol intoxication takes place (Each group
was fresh flies never exposed to ethanol)
Wild Type Drosophila
Repeat after
each death of
test subjects for
6-7 different
trials
Flies that built
up a rapid
tolerance
Flies never
exposed to
alcohol
Expose flies to 20
proof ethanol for 24
hours
Expose flies to 200
proof ethanol for 7
minutes once a
week
Repeat
each
week
Put flies in
inebriometer
several hours
after exposure
Flies that built
up a chronic
tolerance
Count the
number of
levels the flies
fall through the
Inebriometer
Put flies in
inebriometer 24
hours after exposure
After all data is
collected it is placed
into SPSS for data
analyzes
Bibliography
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Tabakoff,B; Conrnell, N; &Hoffman, P.L. Alcohol tolerance. Annals of Emergency Medicine
15(9):1005-1012, 1986
Kathryn Phillips, Ethanol Tolerance in Temperate Drosophila, Journal of Experimental Biology 209,
September 19, 2006
Heberlein Ulrike. Molecular Genetic Analysis of Ethanol Inoxication in Drosophila Melanogaster.
Aug. 2004
Natural selection protected some east Asian Population form Alcoholism Scinece Daily 2003
Jama and Archives journals (2007) Almost one-third fo Adults Report Having some Form of
Alcohol use problem during their lifetime. Science Daily
Sullivan Ashburner Hawley, Drosohila Protocols, Cold Spring Habor Laboratory Press, 1996
Mumenthaler, Martin Gender Differences in Moderate drinking effects Alcohol Health & Research
World
Chien Samson Homophila:human disease gene cognates in Drosophila Nucleiec Acids Research
Steven Gans Fruitflies Used to Examin Alcohol Tolerance 2000
Mumenthaler Martin Gender Differences in Moderate Drinking Effects Alcohol Health &Research
World
Winberg Jan Olof Drosophila Melanogsater Alcohol Dehydrogenase: Product-Inhibition 1994
Ulrike Heverlein Molecular GeneticAnalysis of Ethanol Intoxication In Drosophila Melangaster
2004 Department of Anatomy and Program in Neuroscience
Morozava Transcriptional response to alcohol exposure in Drosophila Melanogaster; Genome
Biology 2006