Transcript File

Lesson 3
December 2nd, 2010
Alcohol
 Among Canadians 15 years and older, the prevalence of
past-year alcohol use decreased from 79.3% in 2004
76.5% in 2009.
 Three quarters of youth (75.5%) reported consuming
alcohol in the past year. This is a decrease from 2004
when 82.9% of youth reported past year use of alcohol
Alcohol
 The prevalence of heavy frequent drinking among
youth 15-24 years of age, was three times higher than
the rate for adults 25 years and older (11.7% versus
3.9%)
 Alcohol kills thousands of people each year, and
millions more are addicted to it.
Blood Alcohol level (BAL)
 The percentage of alcohol in a person’s blood
stream.
 The effect that each drink has a person depends on
their gender, body weight, amount of food in the
stomach and the rate of drinking.
Roadside Licence Suspension
 Fully-licensed drivers will face immediate roadside
licence suspension for:
 refusing a breath test.
 registering a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.05 or
more (this means there is 50 milligrams of alcohol in
every 100 millilitres of blood).
 As of August 1, 2010, if you are a fully licensed driver who
is 21 and under or a novice driver and are caught with any
alcohol in your blood, you will receive an immediate 24hour roadside driver licence suspension and, if
convicted, you will face a fine of $60-$500 and a 30-day
licence suspension.
Roadside Licence Suspension
 As of May 1, 2009, Ontario has taken measures to help
take more drinking drivers off the roads. Drivers who
register a BAC from 0.05 to 0.08 (known as the
"warn range") lose their licence at roadside for 3, 7
or 30 days. Consequences also get tougher for repeat
occurrences.
Roadside Licence Suspension
 If you drive impaired, and your blood alcohol
concentration (BAC) is more than 0.08, or you fail or
refuse to comply with alcohol or drug testing, you can
be convicted under the Criminal Code. Individuals
convicted for impaired driving offences face penalties
under Canada's Criminal Code and Ontario's Highway
Traffic Act. Upon conviction, consequences include an
additional suspension period, alcohol education and
treatment programs,Ignition Interlock installation and
fines.
Effects of Alcohol on the Body
 The effects of alcohol on the body depends on the
amount of consumption
Short Term Effects
Euphoria (BAC = 0.03 to 0.12%)
 Overall improvement in mood and
possible euphoria
 Increased self-confidence
 Increased sociability
 Shortened attention span
 Flushed appearance
 Inhibited judgment
 Impaired fine muscle coordination
Lethargy (BAC = 0.09 to 0.25%)
 Sedation
 Impaired memory and comprehension
 Delayed reactions
 Ataxia; balance difficulty; unbalanced walk
 Blurred vision; other senses may be impaired
Confusion (BAC = 0.18 to
0.30%)
 Profound confusion
 Emotional liability
 Impaired senses
 Increased ataxia; impaired speech; staggering
 Dizziness often associated with nausea ("the spins")
 Vomiting (emesis)
Stupor (BAC = 0.25 to 0.40%)
 Severe ataxia
 Lapses in and out of consciousness
 Unconsciousness
 Anterograde amnesia
 Vomiting (death may occur due to inhalation of vomit
(pulmonary aspiration) while unconscious)
 Respiratory depression (potentially life-threatening)
 Decreased heart rate
 Urinary incontinence
Coma (BAC = 0.35 to 0.50%)
 Unconsciousness (coma)
 Depressed reflexes (i.e., pupils do not respond
appropriately to changes in light)
 Marked and life-threatening respiratory
depression
 Markedly decreased heart rate
 Most deaths from alcohol poisoning are caused by
dosage levels in this range
Long Term Effects
 Cardiovascular
 Heart attack and stroke
 Peripheral arterial disease
 Nervous Systems
 Brain damage
 Impairs brain development
 Other
 Liver disease
 Sexual Dysfunction
 Cancer
Loss of Control
 Drinking to the point of intoxication can
completely remove inhibition
 Get into fights
 Use other drugs
 Have unprotected sex or having sex with someone
you normally wouldn’t
Dependence Vs Addiction
 Dependence is the strong feeling or constant
desire for alcohol.
 This is Psychological and not Physiological
 Addiction is the psychological and
physiological need for the drug.
 Withdrawal symptoms occur if the user does not have a
regular fix.
Tobacco
 Smoking is psychological and physiologically addictive
 Smoking is the leading cause of death by cancer in
Canada
Tobacco Use In Canada
2009
Age Group
Province
15+
(%)
15-19
(%)
20-24
(%)
15-24
(%)
25+
(%)
CANADA
18
13
23
18
17
N.L.
21
16
29
23
20
P.E.I.
18
14
22
18
18
N.S.
20
14
30
22
19
N.B.
21
16
27
22
21
Que.
21
18
30
24
20
Ont.
15
9
18
14
16
Man.
19
18
25
22
18
Sask.
22
18
28
23
22
Alta.
18
12
26
19
18
Chemicals in Tobacco
 Tobacco contains over 4,000 chemicals
 More than 400 of these are poisonous
Nicotine
 Addictive psychoactive drug

Withdrawal symptoms

Irritability, headaches, restlessness, and anxiety
Tar
 Solid smoke particles that condense in the lungs
forming a sticky coating on the bronchioles
 Tiny hairs in the lungs become damaged and
cannot sweep away debris which can lead to
respiratory disease.
Carbon monoxide (CO)
 CO bond to the iron in blood cells. This bond prevents
Oxygen (O2) from being carried in the blood. The
COremains there until the blood cell dies.
Short term effects of Smoking
 Brain
 Reduced oxygen due to constriction of blood
vessels
 Heart
 Increase heart rate and blood pressure Smokers
cough
Short term effects of Smoking
 Lungs
 Impairs cilia’s ability to clear harmful foreign
substances from the lungs
 Stomach / Intestines
 Reduced appetite
 Shortness of breath
Long Term Effects of smoking
 Emphysema
 Heart Attack
 Gum disease
 Cataracts
 Erectile dysfunction
Long Term Effects of smoking
 Cancer
 Lung, Mouth, throat,
stomach, bladder
 Chronic bowel disease
 Fertility problems.
 Thyroid disease
Smokeless Tobacco
 Cancer of the mouth
 Decay of exposed tooth roots
Smokeless Tobacco
 Pulling away of the gums from the teeth
 White patches or red sores in the mouth that can turn
to cancer
Questions associated with
smoking I (5)
 What risks does drinking and driving pose?
 Why is alcohol such a common drug if it can
potentially cause so many problems?
 Why is tobacco so hard to quit even though it has no
positive aspects to it?
 What risks do drinking and smoking present to one’s
health?
 What is the difference between dependence and
addiction?