Transcript Powerpoint

Drug Policy in
World Historical Perspective:
The Five Stages of Regulation
David T. Courtwright
[email protected]
Second Annual Conference
International Society for the Study of Drug Policy
Lisbon, Portugal, April 3, 2008
Five Stages of Drug Regulation
1. Sporadic, sometimes fierce, opposition to novel
psychoactive drugs in the fifteenth and early sixteenth
centuries.
2. Legal, taxed, and fast-expanding global drug trade, midseventeenth to mid-nineteenth centuries.
3. Selective restriction and prohibition, late nineteenth to
early twentieth centuries.
4. Era of tobacco-alcohol double standard, mid-twentieth
century.
5. Re-emergence of ATOD paradigm and movement toward
more comprehensive drug control, late twentieth-century
to the present.
Five Stages of Drug Regulation
1. Sporadic, sometimes fierce, opposition to novel
psychoactive drugs in the fifteenth and early
sixteenth centuries.
2. Legal, taxed, and fast-expanding global drug trade, midseventeenth to mid-nineteenth centuries.
3. Selective restriction and prohibition, late nineteenth to
early twentieth centuries.
4. Era of tobacco-alcohol double standard, mid-twentieth
century.
5. Re-emergence of ATOD paradigm and movement toward
more comprehensive drug control, late twentieth-century
to the present.
Five Stages of Drug Regulation
1. Sporadic, sometimes fierce, opposition to novel
psychoactive drugs in the fifteenth and early sixteenth
centuries.
2. Legal, taxed, and fast-expanding global drug trade,
mid-seventeenth to mid-nineteenth centuries.
3. Selective restriction and prohibition, late nineteenth to
early twentieth centuries.
4. Era of tobacco-alcohol double standard, mid-twentieth
century.
5. Re-emergence of ATOD paradigm and movement toward
more comprehensive drug control, late twentieth-century
to the present.
Five Stages of Drug Regulation
1. Sporadic, sometimes fierce, opposition to novel
psychoactive drugs in the fifteenth and early sixteenth
centuries.
2. Legal, taxed, and fast-expanding global drug trade, midseventeenth to mid-nineteenth centuries.
3. Selective restriction and prohibition, late nineteenth
to early twentieth centuries.
4. Era of tobacco-alcohol double standard, mid-twentieth
century.
5. Re-emergence of ATOD paradigm and movement toward
more comprehensive drug control, late twentieth-century
to the present.
Sources of Opposition to Nonmedical Drug Use that
Increase the Likelihood of Restriction or Prohibition
and Generate Labels of “Abuse” or “Addiction”
Group Survival
Deviant
Associations
Sinful
Conduct
Direct Harm to
Self and Others
Social Costs
Bad Husband
Mortality among physicians in
Natchez, Mississippi, 1823-1853
Temperate physicians
28 of 37 still alive in 1853
Intemperate physicians
3 of 25 still alive in 1853
“They believed in the hygienic virtues of alcoholic drinks, and
taught that doctrine by precept and example.”
-- Samuel A. Cartwright, M.D.
Sources of Opposition to Nonmedical Drug Use that
Increase the Likelihood of Restriction or Prohibition
and Generate Labels of “Abuse” or “Addiction”
Group Survival
Deviant
Associations
Sinful
Conduct
Direct Harm to
Self and Others
Social Costs
Sources of Opposition to Nonmedical Drug Use that
Increase the Likelihood of Restriction or Prohibition
and Generate Labels of “Abuse” or “Addiction”
Group Survival
Deviant
Associations
Sinful
Conduct
Direct Harm to
Self and Others
Social Costs
Sources of Opposition to Nonmedical Drug Use that
Increase the Likelihood of Restriction or Prohibition
and Generate Labels of “Abuse” or “Addiction”
Group Survival
Deviant
Associations
Sinful
Conduct
Direct Harm to
Self and Others
Social Costs
Opium Smoker
Sources of Opposition to Nonmedical Drug Use that
Increase the Likelihood of Restriction or Prohibition
and Generate Labels of “Abuse” or “Addiction”
Group Survival
Deviant
Associations
Sinful
Conduct
Direct Harm to
Self and Others
Social Costs
Dope Menace Cartoon
Five Stages of Drug Regulation
1. Sporadic, sometimes fierce, opposition to novel
psychoactive drugs in the fifteenth and early sixteenth
centuries.
2. Legal, taxed, and fast-expanding global drug trade, midseventeenth to mid-nineteenth centuries.
3. Selective restriction and prohibition, late nineteenth to
early twentieth centuries.
4. Era of tobacco-alcohol double standard, midtwentieth century.
5. Re-emergence of ATOD paradigm and movement toward
more comprehensive drug control, late twentieth-century
to the present.
Five Stages of Drug Regulation
1. Sporadic, sometimes fierce, opposition to novel
psychoactive drugs in the fifteenth and early sixteenth
centuries.
2. Legal, taxed, and fast-expanding global drug trade, midseventeenth to mid-nineteenth centuries.
3. Selective restriction and prohibition, late nineteenth to
early twentieth centuries.
4. Era of tobacco-alcohol double standard, mid-twentieth
century.
5. Re-emergence of ATOD paradigm and movement toward
more comprehensive drug control, late twentieth-century
to the present.
“Mr. ATOD’s Wild Ride”
Drug Policy in
World Historical Perspective:
The Five Stages of Regulation
David T. Courtwright
[email protected]
Second Annual Conference
International Society for the Study of Drug Policy
Lisbon, Portugal, April 3, 2008