Transcript Job Corps Health & Wellness Program

“Newer Drugs of Abuse:
Identifying Drugs of Choice for
Adolescents and Young Adults to
Help Students Become Drug-Free
Employees.”
Cardwell C. Nuckols, MA, PhD
[email protected]
Partnership For Drug Free
America, 17th Annual Survey
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1 in 5 teens had abused prescription
painkillers
– Hydrocodone
– Oxycodone
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Increase in prescription psychostimulant use
9% had used cough syrup or other OTC
products to get high
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/7582787
The Rat Brain
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What “turns on” the dopamine in a
rats brain…..
– SEX-200% increase in dopamine
– COCAINE-300% increase in dopamine
– METHAMPHETAMINE-1100% increase in
dopamine
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This explains why rats will kill
themselves to get more drugespecially methamphetamine
Marijuana
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Brain cannabinoid receptor
– CB1
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Endogenous Cannabinoids
– N-arachidonoylethanolamine
(Anandamide)
– 2-arachidonylglycerol
Anandamide
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Sanskrit ananda means “bliss”
Chemical messenger involved in mood,
memory, pain perception and appetite
Natural molecular key
THC fits same receptor
Anandamide is fragile and breaks down
quickly
– No intense high like THC
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Chocolate
Anandamide
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Seems to play role in making and
breaking of short term memory
Induces forgetfulness
– Substances that keep anandamide from
bonding may be used to treat memory
loss
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Pigs treated with anandamide walk
less and lay down more-”calm”
Classification of
Substances
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Stimulant drugs
Opioids
Marijuana
Depressants
Arylcyclohexylamines
Hallucinogens
Others- Club Drugs, OTC, Inhalants
Stimulant Drugs
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Methamphetamine
Cocaine
Nicotine
Caffeine
Routes of Administration
– Oral
– IV
– Pulmonary
Stimulant Toxicity
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Increased levels of Norepinephrine
and Dopamine
– Hyper-arousal
– Pleasure
– Paranoia
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Increased levels of Serotonin
– Reduced hunger
– Difficulty sleeping
Opioids
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Natural
– Morphine
– Codeine
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Semi-synthetic
– Heroin
– Oxycodone
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Tylox
Percodan
OxyContin
Opioids
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Semi-synthetic
– Oxymorphone
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Dilaudid
– Hydrocodone
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Vicodin
Lortab
Synthetics
– Methadone
– Propoxyphene (Darvon)
– Lomotil
Toxic Effects
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Nausea and Vomiting
Pinpoint pupils
Constipation
Itching
Depressed respiration
Possible overdose death
Cannabis
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Marijuana
Hashish
Hash oil
THC
Routes of administration
– Pulmonary
– Oral
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Increased potency
Hallucinogens
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Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)
– “Acid”
– “Microdot”
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Peyote (Mescaline)
– “Buttons”
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Psilocybe (Psilocybin)
– “Magic Mushrooms”
– “Scrooms”
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Tryptamine derivatives
– “Foxy Methoxy”
– “DMT”
Club Drugs
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Oral administration
MDMA
– 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine
– “Ecstasy”
– “XTC”
Club Drugs
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GHB
– Gamma-hydroxybutyrate
– “Georgia Home Boy”
– “Grievous Bodily Harm”
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Rohypnol
– “Coma caps”
– “Roofies”
MDMA Toxicity
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Dehydration
Hyperthermia
Increased ANS functioning
– Seizures
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Heart and kidney failure
“Stacking and combining”
Serotonin damage
GHB Toxicity
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Low dose
– Reduces anxiety
– Acts as a depressant
– Affectionate and sensual response
– Slurred speech
– Energetic
– Playful
GHB Toxicity
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High dose
– Sleep producing
– Coma
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Overdose
– Nausea and vomiting
– Like other CNS depressant drugs
(alcohol,heroin)
– Seizure activity
Rohypnol
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Benzodiazepine
Anterograde amnesia
– “The forget-me pill”
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10 times more powerful than Valium
Flunitrazepam
Inhalants
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Volatile gases and solvents
Aerosols
Nitrates
Anesthetic gases
Chemicals
Routes of administration
– “Huffing”
– “Sniffing”
Volatile Gases and
Solvents
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Gasoline
Butane
Freon
Lighter fluid
Nail polish remover
Aerosols
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Cooking spray(PAM)
Spray paint
– Gold paint(copper)
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Hair spray
Nitrates
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Butyl Nitrate
– Rush
– Locker Room
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Amyl Nitrate
– “Poppers”
– “Snappers”
Anesthetic Gases and
Chemicals
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Anesthetic gases
– Nitrous Oxide
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Chemicals
– Toluene
– Acetone
– Benzene
Toxic Effects
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Nausea,vomiting and headaches
Stupor
Mood changes
Aggressive,violent behavior
Inflammation around nose and mouth
Slurred speech
Lack of muscular control
Overdose
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Suffocation
Heart attack
Coma
Death
Over the Counter
Medications
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Phenylpropanolamine (PPA)
Dipenhydramine
Ephedrine (Ephedra)
Example
– Nyquil
Phenylpropanolamine
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Medical uses
– Decrease congestion
– Suppress allergic reactions
– Decrease appetite
– Trade names
Contac
 Sinutab
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Phenylpropanolamine
Toxicity
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Hypertensive crisis
Seizures
Psychiatric
– Paranoid Psychosis
– Visual and auditory hallucinations
– Suicidal behavior
Diphenhydramine
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Medical uses
– Reduces allergic reactions
– Motion sickness
– Induces sleep
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Trade names
– Benadryl
– Sominex
– Nytol
Diphenhydramine
Toxicity
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Convulsions
Red face
Hallucinations
Coma
Ephedrine(Ephedra)
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Medical uses
– Asthma
– Decongestant
– Suppresses allergic reaction
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Trade names
– Bronkaid
– Nyquil
– Tedral
Ephedrine Toxicity
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Severe anxiety
Confusion
Delirium
Muscle tremors
Irregular heart rate
Nyquil
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Alcohol
Dextromethorphan (cough
suppressant)
Pseudoephedrine (decongestant)
Doxylamine succinate (antihistamine)
Acetaminophen (pain/fever)
THANK YOU
THERE IS NO COMPLETELY
SAFE DRUG. TOO MUCH OF
ANY SUBSTANCE-INCLUDING
WATER-CAN BE HARMFUL.