Transcript 796479NONCOMMUNICABLE_DISEASES

JOURNAL #27
12/17/07
Do you have a history of disease in your
family? If so, name and define the diseases
present in your family.
If you do not have a history of disease in
your family, name and define 2 examples of
noncommunicable diseases.
Non-Communicable Diseases
Health 10
December 17, 2007
NONCOMMUNICABLE
DISEASES
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Noncommunicable diseases are not caused by
pathogens. They cannot be transmitted by
contact with a person, object, or substance.
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Risk factors increase the likelihood of getting a
disease.
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3 TYPES of risk factors
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Genetic risk factors
Environmental risk factors
Life-style risk factors.
RISK FACTORS
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Genetic risk factors are inherited and are under control
of genes. Congenital disease is present at birth.
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Environmental risk factors originate in your environment
or surroundings, not your body. Harmful substances in
the air you breath or anything you eat, drink, or touch.
Examples: Polluted air, cigarette smoke, alcohol,
unhealthful foods, and toxic fumes.
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Life-style risk factors cause more than 50% of illness.
Harmful behaviors or habits. Examples: using tobacco
products, drinking alcohol, taking harmful drugs,
overeating, not getting enough sleep.
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
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Diseases of the heart and blood vessels are
called cardiovascular disease. In the U.S.
almost one out of every two people will
develop cardiovascular disease. The safest
way to prevent cardiovascular disease is to
change your lifestyle.
Three types of heart disease
1. High blood pressure
2. Atherosclerosis
3. Heart attack
High Blood Pressure
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Hypertension is often called a silent
killer because you can have it for years
without knowing it. There are no signs
or symptoms.
Blood pressure is determined by the amount of
blood your heart pumps and the amount of
resistance to blood flow in your arteries.
Hypertension is a major risk factor for other types
of CVDs.
High blood pressure can be lowered with
medication, proper nutrition, and adequate
physical activity.
2. Atherosclerosis
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Fatty substances in the blood, called plaques, build
up on artery walls causing the arteries to thicken and
lose their elasticity.
The process when
plaque accumulates
on the artery walls
is called atherosclerosis.
The buildup is due mainly to food choices.
Specifically a high intake of saturated fats and
cholesterol. Tobacco smoke can also cause this.
Diseases of the Heart
• Angina Pectoris – chest pain that results when
the heart does not get enough oxygen. A
warning sign that the heart is temporarily not
getting enough blood.
• Arrhythmias – irregular heartbeat. The heart
may skip a beat or beat irregularly, very quickly
or very slowly. This is very common.
• Heart attack – damage to the heart muscle
caused by a reduced or blocked blood supply.
• Congestive heart failure – the heart gradually
weakens and cannot maintain its regular
pumping rate and force.
Risk Factors for CVD’s You CAN Control
Tobacco
Use
Avoid the use of tobacco and secondhand smoke.
** 20% of CVD deaths are smoking related.
High Blood
Pressure
Have your blood pressure checked periodically.
High
Cholesterol
Eat fewer high-fat foods.
Physical
Inactivity
Get enough physical activity.
** Maintain normal blood pressure through diet and exercise.
** Get at least 30-60 minutes of physical activity each day.
Excess Weight Maintain a healthy weight.
Stress
Reduce Stress.
Drug and
Alcohol Use
Avoid the use of alcohol and other drugs.
CANCER
In the U.S. the 2nd leading cause of
death is cancer. Cancer is the name
given to the many diseases caused by
rapid, uncontrolled growth and spread
of abnormal cells. Cancer cells often
form a mass of tissue called a malignant tumor.
The spread of cancer from where it first develops to other parts of
the body is called metastasis. Treatments for cancer include
radiation therapy, shrinking of the tumor; chemotherapy,
drug therapy to fight cell production, and/or surgery,
removal of the tumor (when possible).
Types of Cancer
• LYMPHOMAS - Cancers of the Immune
System.
• LEUKEMIA - Cancers of the blood-forming
organs. Including bone marrow.
 CARCINOMAS - Cancers of the glands and
body linings, including the skin and linings of
the digestive tract and lungs.
• SARCOMAS - Cancers of the connective
tissues, including bones, ligaments, and
muscles.
A Word of CAUTION About Cancer
• Change in bowel habits
• A sore that does not heal
• Unusual bleeding or discharge (bladder, bowels, or
with coughing)
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Thickening or a lump
Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
Obvious change in a wart or mole
Nagging cough or hoarseness
** Fatigue and unexplained weight loss may be other
symptoms.
STROKE
A stroke occurs when the blood
supply to a part of your brain is
interrupted or severely reduced and
brain tissue is deprived of oxygen
and nutrients. Stroke can also occur as a result of
cerebral hemorrhage, where a blood vessel in the brain
bursts, causing blood to spread into surrounding brain tissue.
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A TIA, transient ischemic attack is a temporary interruption of
blood flow to a part of your brain. The signs and symptoms of
TIA are the same as for a stroke, but they appear for a
shorter period and then disappear, without leaving apparent
permanent effects.
Facial weakness - can the person smile? Has
their mouth or eye(s) drooped?
Arm weakness - can the person raise both
arms?
Speech difficulty - can the person speak
clearly and understand what you say?
Time to act fast - seek medical attention
immediately
DIABETES
Diabetes is a disease in which the body's production and
use of insulin is impaired, causing sugar to build up in
the bloodstream. Diabetes affects the way body cells
convert food into energy.
Types of Diabetes
 Type 1 – The body does not
produce insulin, and glucose
builds up in the blood, starving cells of the energy
they need. Patients need daily doses of insulin.
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Type 2 – The body is unable to make enough insulin
or use insulin properly. Treatment includes weight
management and regular physical activity.
Symptoms of Diabetes
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Frequent urination
Excessive thirst
Unexplained weight loss
Extreme hunger
Sudden vision changes
Tingling in hands or feet
Frequent fatigue
Very dry skin
Sores that are slow to heal
Allergies
• A specific reaction of the
immune system to a foreign
and frequently harmless
substance.
• Pollen, food, dusts, mold,
chemicals, insect venom,
and medicines are some of
the more common allergens.
• Avoiding the allergens and
medicines such as
antihistamines treat
allergies.
Asthma
• An inflammatory condition in which the small airways
in the lungs become narrowed, causing difficult in
breathing.
• Common asthma triggers include air pollution, pet
dander, and tobacco smoke.
In an asthma attack, the
muscles of the bronchial
walls tighten and produce
extra mucus. The
respiratory passages
narrow.
Family History Project Guidelines
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Create a FAMILY TREE on poster board through your greatgrandparents on both sides of the family. You must include
yourself and the names of your:
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Parents;
Siblings;
Grandparents; and,
Great-grandparents.
If you choose, the tree can go laterally to aunts, uncles, and
cousins.
** Note: The more relatives you include the better idea you will have of what
medical conditions you may be at risk of developing.
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Under EACH relative, list:
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All medical conditions/diseases that he/she has;
Birth dates; and,
Death dates (if applicable).
** IF you don’t know something, write “unknown”.