Transcript birds / human being

A Pilot
Project on
Avian Flu
Prof. (Dr.) Niranjan
Mohanty.
Dean of the Homoeopathic faculty, Utkal University, Orissa
National President,
Indian Institute of Homoeopathic Physicians
Email – [email protected]
Prof.(Dr.) N. Mohanty
1. Auduhon- Dauphin island 2. Suncoast- Alabama
3. Currumbin- Australia 4. Pelican mans 5. Jack minor
World map showing sanctuaries of bird
Bird sancturies
1. Bharatpur- Rajastan
2. Thattekad- kerala
3. RanganthittuKarnatak
4. Assam BarrageUttaranchal
5. NeyyarParambikulam
6. Karera- Madhya
Pradesh
India Map showing sanctuaries of bird
Migratory Birds
H5N1 Virus is detected as the cause of Avian
Flu in Asia in domestic poultry 2004-05
Prolonged contact
Consumptio
n of raw &
infected
chicken
Through tears
saliva/ faeces
Carry full repertoire of the genes of the
different strains H1N1, H2N2, H3N2, H4N6, H5N1,
H5N2, H6N1, H7N3, H7N7, H9N2, H9N3.
Infection Chain
Recombination
takes place
P
a
n
d
e
m
i
c
s
p
r
e
a
d
Spanish 1918-H1N1
Asia – 1957 – H2N2
Hong Kong –1968 –H3N2
2006 – Germany (H5N1)
2005 – Thailand & Vietnam (H5N1)
2006 – In
INDIA (H5N1)
• Maharastra
• Gujrat
• Karnataka
Aetiopathogenesis
Poultry
population
Influenza A virus
Influenza A / H5N1
Low pathogenicity
High pathogenicity
Avian Influenza Virus
Hemagglutinin
Neuraminidase
1 – 16 sub types
1 – 9 sub types
H5N1
Most virulent
type of AIV
Influenza A virus contains 8 separate
genes:
1. HA gene encoding hemagglutinin which produces
about 500 copies.
2. NA gene encoding neuraminidase which produces
about 100 copies.
3. NP gene encoding nucleoprotein. Influenza A,B,C are
distinguished by their nucleoproteins.
4. M gene encoding two matrix proteins (M1 &
M2 ) by using different reading frames from
the same RNA segment.
5. NS gene encoding two distinct
nonstructural proteins by using different
frames from the same RNA segment.
6. PA gene encoding an RNA polymerase.
7. PB1 gene encoding an RNA polymerase.
8. PB2 gene encoding an RNA polymerase.
PATHOGENESIS
ROUTE OF ENTRY IS RESPIRATORY
TRACT
REDUCES THE VISCOSITY OF MUCUS
FILM LINING OF RESPIRATORY TRACT
EXPOSES THE CELL SURFACE
RECEPTORS FOR VIRUS
ABSORPTION
SURVIVAL OF THE VIRUS
1. It can survive for at least 35 days
at 4o C in manure.
2. It can be isolated from lake water
where water fowls are present.
3. It can survive several days in
carcasses at ambient temperature
and up to 23 days if refrigerated.
TRANSMISSION OF THE VIRUS
Clinical Features:
Signs and symptoms in birds:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Depression
Profuse watery diarrhoea
Reddening of legs
Laboured respiration
Blue and swollen combs
Respiratory signs of cold
Fever
Headache
Myalgia
Sore throat
Dry cough
Sneezing
Congestion of nose
Redness of
conjunctiva
Diffused rales
Nausea / Vomting
Otitis Media
Flushed face
Cyanosis
Coldness of
Extremities
Dyspnoea
Mottled extremities
Signs of consolidation
DDIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS:
Birds:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)
Features of New Castle disease
Infections , laryngo tracheitis
Duck plague
Acute poisoning
Acute fowl cholera
Bacterial cellulitis
Chronic respiratory diseases
Human being :
(i) Early bacterial pneumonia
(ii) Severe streptococcal pharyngitis
(iii) Acute respiratory illness caused by any
varieties of respiratory virus
LLABORATORY DIAGNOSIS: (BIRDS / HUMAN BEING )
1
Demonstration of the virus antigen by
immunofluorescence by using specific monoclonal antibody
and haemagglutination inhibition assay.
2
Detection of influenza-specific RNA by reverse
transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is
extremely sensitive.
3 Serological identification by measuring the specific
antibodies.
V
virus culture
A simple way to reduce the risk
of illness:
• Wearing of masks and gloves by persons
handling poultry.
• Cleaning kitchen surfaces and utensils before
and after use.
• Cooking chicken till boiling temperature is
reached.
• Controlling human traffic into poultries.
A simple way to reduce the risk
of illness:
 Hand washing (In order to be effective
hand should be washed with soap
from 20 to 25 seconds).
TREATMENT AVAILABLE IN HOMOEOPATHY
HOMOPATH – Human being
TREATMENT AVAILABLE IN HOMOEOPATHY
RADAR-HUMAN BEING
TREATMENT AVAILABLE IN HOMOEOPATHY
Radar - Bird
TREATMENT AVAILABLE IN HOMOEOPATHY
Hompath - Bird
Avian Flu
Belladonna
Arsenicum album
Sulphur
Calc. carb.
Nux vom.
Pulsatilla
Mercurius
Phosphorus
Rhus tox.
Causticum
Avian Flu
Natrum mur.
Lycopodium
Silicea
Sepia
Allium cepa
Ars. hydr.
Arum triph.
Chelidonium
Avian Flu
Dulcamara
Gelsemium
Phellandrium
Phytolacca
Sabadilla
Senega
Silphium
Sticta pulm.
Spigelia
Tuberculinum
METHODOLOGY FOR
MATHEMATICAL MODEL
AIM:
To ascertain the
preventive and curative
medicine for avian flu.
Methods:
A diagnostic criterion was determined
by taking clinical features such as
Fever, Headache, Myalgia, Sore throat,
Dry cough, Sneezing, Congestion of
nose, Redness of conjunctiva, Nausea/
Vomiting, Otitis media, Flushed face,
Cyanosis, Coldness of extremities,
Dyspnoea, Mottled extremities,
Diffused rales, Signs of consolidation.
Results : The above symptoms were
repertorised with the help of RADAR &
HOMPATH Software.
RADAR Software
Human being
Bell – 36/15
Calc. carb.- 34/15
Nux vom. – 32/15 Ars. alb. – 36/14
Bry. Alb. – 30/14 Phos. – 30/14
Sulph – 34/15
Puls – 32/14
Rhus tox. – 30/14
RADAR Software
Avian (Bird)
Ars. alb.
– 18/7
Carbo veg. – 20/7
Merc.
– 18/7
Calc. carb. – 19/7
Nat. mur. – 18/7
Phos.
– 19/7
Sil.
Sulph.
– 19/7
Nat. sulph. – 17/7
Sepia
– 16/8
– 18/7
HOMPATH Software
Human being
Ars. alb. – 39/16
Lach. – 35/14
Bell. – 37/16
Nat. mur. – 34/16
Nux vom. – 36/16
Silicea – 33/15
Sulph. – 36/15
Rhus tox. – 32/16
Puls. – 35/16
Bry. alb. – 32/15
HOMPATH Software
Avian (Bird)
Calc. carb.
– 17/7
Merc.
– 16/7
Phos.
– 17/7
Silicea
– 16/7
Puls.
– 17/7
Nat. mur. – 16/6
Sulph.
– 17/7
Lach.
– 15/7
Ars. alb.
– 15/6
Carbo veg. – 17/6
Aims and objectives
To determine the efficacy of the drugs evolved
through mathematical model (Repertorisation)
for preventive and curative aspect of Avian
Flu either in single or in serial or in combined
form.
To ascertain the suitable potency(s)
To determine the effective dose(s)
To find out the repetition schedule(s)
To find out the most effective therapeutic options
Target groups
- Domesticated / Commercial birds
- Human being of globe
The experiment is to be “Randomized double blind
control trail”. It is to be of multicentric.
Route of administration of drug will be oral
A standardized case recording format will be
adopted for documentation of data & follow up will
be done periodically, which will be as follows:
Particulars
•
•
•
•
•
•
Name
Address
Age
Sex
Occupation
Presenting
Complaints
Presenting Complaints
Location
Head
Muscles
Throat
Chest
Nose
Nose
Sensation Modalities
Fever
Headache
Myalgia
Sore throat
Dry cough
Sneezing
Congestion
Concomitants / / Extension
Presenting Complaints
Location
Sensation Modalities
Conjunctiva
Stomach
Ear
Face
Redness
Nausea / vomiting
Otitis media
Flushed face
Cyanosis
Coldness of extremities
Dyspnoea
Mottled
Diffused rales
signs of consolidation
Extremities
Respiration
Extremities
Chest
Chest
Concomitants / Extension
Laboratory Investigations
Tests
a) Viral culture
b) Polymerase Chain
reaction
C) Immunefluroscent Assay
D) Serological identification
Results
Diagnostic Criteria
Inclusion Criteria
Birds
(A)
Clinical Features
Depression
Profuse watery
diarrhea
Reddening of the legs
Laboured respiration
Blue & swollen combs
Respiratory sign of
cold
(B)
Laboratory Diagnosis
Viral culture
Polymerase chain reaction
Immune fluroscent Assay
Serological identification
Human Being
(A) Clinical features
Fever
 Headache
 Myalgia
 Sore throat
 Dry cough
 Sneezing
 Congestion of nose
 Redness of
conjunctiva
 Nausea/ vomiting

Otitis media
 Flushed face
 Cyanosis
 Coldness of
extremities
 Dyspnoea
 Mottled extremities
 Diffused rales
 Signs of consolidation

(B)
Laboratory Diagnosis:
i)
Viral culture
ii)
Polymerase Chain
reaction
iii) Immunofluoroscence
assay
vi) Serological identification
2.Exclusion criteria
BIRDS
Features of New castle disease
Infectious Laryngo tracheitis
Duck plague
Acute poisoning
Diseases that can cause swelling of combs wattles includes
Acute Fowl cholera
Bacterial cellulites
Chronic respiratory diseases
Exclusion criteria
Human Being
Early bacterial pneumonia
Severe streptococcal pharyngitis
Acute respiratory illness caused by any
varieties of respiratory virus
Different Therapeutic Drug Options
(Preventive / Curative purposes)
Single Drug
(A single drug will be given at one time and waiting for the change)
Human Being
Belladonna
Calc. carb.
Sulphur
Pulsatilla
Ars. alb.
Nux. vom.
Single Drug
(A single drug will be given at one time and waiting for the change)
Bird
Phos.
Ars. alb.
Carbo veg.
Nat. mur.
Calc. carb.
Belladonna
Multiple Drugs in Serial
(Both for Bird / Human being) [ Drugs will be given serially at
specific time gap]
a.
Belladonna
Calc. carb.
Tuberculinum
b.
Belladonna
Sulphur.
Tuberculinum
c.
Ars. alb
Calc. carb.
Tuberculinum
d.
Rhus. tox
Pulsatilla
Sulphur
Combined drugs
[A group drugs will be mixed to prepare a compound with a new
name]
Belladonna
Calc.carb
Tuberculinum
Pulsatilla
Rhus.tox
Ars.Alb
-----------------
Ars.hydro
Rhus.tox
Sulphur
Bryonia
Belladonna
Nux.vom
Phelandrium
-----------
Nux.vom
Pulsatilla
Belladonna
Ars.alb
Calc.carb
Sulphur
Silphinum.lanc
Dulcamara
Various potency options To ascertain the most effective potency various potencies will be
tried. A comprehensive type should be as follows
Single medicine
a. 30
b. 200
c. 1M
Multiple drugs in serial
a.
30
b. 200
c.
1M
Combination of drugs
a. 3x
b. 6x
c. 30
DIFFERENT DOSAGE OPTIONS
Single Medicine
Adult
Children
a) 4 globules (glb. No – 20
a) 2 globules
b) ½ drop
b) ¼ drop
c) 1 drop
c) ½ drop
DIFFERENT DOSAGE OPTIONS
Multiple drugs in serial
Adult
4 globules (glb. No – 20
½ drop
1 drop
Children
2 globules
¼ drop
½ drop
DIFFERENT DOSAGE OPTIONS
Combination of drugs
For human being
Adult
Children
For birds
Adult
young
a) 1 drop each
½ drop
a) ½ drop
¼ drop
b) 5 drops
2 ½ drops
b) 1 drop
½ drop
c) 2 drops
1 drop
c) 10 drops
5 drops
Different repetition schedule
To fix the repetition schedule in different types of
therapeutic options following classification and
categorisation will be tried
Single medicine
a.
One dose only
b.
One dose daily for three days
c.
Two dosages daily for three days
Repetition after 15 days / 1 month / 3 month / 1 year
Different repetition schedule
To fix the repetition schedule in different types of
therapeutic options following classification and
categorisation will be tried
Multiple drugs in serial
a.
One dose from each drug consecutively
b.
One dose from each day for three days
c.
Two dosages from each day continuously
one after another
Repetition after 15 days / 1 month / 3 month / 1 year
Different repetition schedule
To fix the repetition schedule in different types of
therapeutic options following classification and
categorisation will be tried
Combination of drugs
a. One dose daily for three days
b. Two dose daily for three days
Repetition after 15 days / 1 month / 3 month / 1 year
Different Age Group:
For documentation of the efficacy of different
therapeutic option on different age group,
following classification will be used.
Human being
Children
Adults
Birds
Young
Adult
PARAMETERS TO ASSESS THE RESULTS
1. POSITIVE RESPONSE
2. NEGATIVE RESPONSE
Complete disappearance
of sign &symptoms with
negative pathological
findings.
- No improvement of
signs/symptoms along
with pathological
symptoms.
- Dropped out – did not
stick to therapy.
PROPOSED RESULTS
1. Out of different therapeutic options the most
effective therapeutic procedure needed for
combacting Avian flu will be determined.
2. Most effective potency(ies), dose(s), repetition
schedule(s) will be determined.
3. Which age group is amenable to homoeopathic
medicament will be ascertained.
4. Which strain is better amenable to the therapy
will be unfurled.
CONCLUSION / RECOMMENDATIONS
1. The drug(s) evolved after clinical trial
can be used as preventive & curative
purposes for preventing / controlling
Avian flu both for Avian and
homosapiens.
2. As the strains are very often undergoing
mutation the research should be a
continued process to unveil the role of
Homoeopathic medicament at different
epoch of the time.