Transcript Problems with a bureaucracy

The Federal
Bureaucracy
The combination of people, procedures,
and agencies through which the federal
government operates makes up the
FEDERAL BUREAUCRACY. A
bureaucracy is a complex system of
organization. Article II, section 2 of the
Constitution says that the President
may need to consult with the principle
officer in each of the executive
departments. Other than this vague
reference, the Constitution is silent.
The bureaucracy is
administered by the
executive branch,
and is regulated by
the legislative
branch.
Executive Office of the Presidency
President
Vice President
NEC
Environment Equality
Policy Development
Office of Administration
OMB
NSC
Drug Control Policy
US Trade Rep.
Science & Technology
White House Office
Development of an Executive
Staff:
•Employment of first paid presidential clerk,
1857
•Employment of three secretaries & five
assistants, 1939
•Reorganization Act (1939) this established
the Executive Office of the President &
expanded advisors of the president into the
White House Staff.
The White House Staff Duties:
Provides advice to the President,
creates policy options, channels and
organizes information, write
speeches and policy papers,
organizes the schedule of the
President, controls access to the
president, monitors & maintains
contact with the executive
bureaucracy.
Key Individuals in
the White House
Staff . . .
Chief of Staff: organizes staff;
controls access to the President
Press Secretary: Handles & schedules
press briefings & conferences; prepares
press releases
First Lady: Ceremonial hostess since
Dolly Madison: Hillary Rodham Clinton &
Eleanor Roosevelt have not served as
hostesses, but have taken an active role
in assisting their husbands.
Vice-President: Presiding officer of
Senate; after 1950, unofficial duties
increased.
Executive Office of the President:
•Office of Management & Budget
(OMB), 1970: prepares the budget
of the president to be sent to
Congress.
•Management of the deficit.
•Monitoring of funds allocated by
Congress
•Overseer of Federal bureaucracy
National Security Council:
Members are the president,
Vice-President, Secretaries of
Defense & State; In attendance
are Director of the CIA and the
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of
Staff
Duties: Advice to President on
national security issues
Office of Policy Development:
Chairman & Staff; Assists the President
in policy development, providing of
information non domestic matters.
Council of Economic Advisors:
Three economists who provide info on
the state of the economy for the US;
assist the President with messages
about economy to Congress.
Other Offices . . .
*Council on Environmental Quality
*Office of Science & Technology
*Office of US Trade Representative
*Office of the Vice-President
*Intelligence Oversight Board
*Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board
*Office of National Drug Control
The rest of the bureaucracy:
The Cabinet
Independent Executive Agencies
Independent Regulatory Agencies
Regulatory Agencies
Public Corporations
Cabinet: Advice to the President in particular area
of expertise. Cabinet Offices:
1. State
15. Dept. of Homeland Security
2. Treasury
3. War (now Defense)
4. Interior
5. Justice
6. Agriculture
7. Commerce
8. Labor
9. Health, Education & welfare
10. Housing & Urban Development
11. Transportation
12. Energy
13. Education
14. Veterans Affairs
Independent Executive Agencies:
Executive organizations without
Cabinet level affiliation.
Examples: NASA, EPA, & CIA
Top administrator, appointed by
the President without senate
approval; Congress restricts
through budget and oversight.
Independent Regulatory
Agencies:
Congressionally formed bipartisan
agencies; independent of the
President & Congress.
Examples: FCC, FTC, ICC
Holds hearing to determine violations.
Made of of a bipartisan board, with
lengthy, staggered terms; appointed
by the President, approved by Senate
Regulatory Agencies:
Examples: FDA, OHSHA, IRS,
Federal Reserve System
Regulates economic activity;
Appointed by President without
Senate approval; Congress
restricts through budget &
oversight.
Public Corporations:
Created by legislative charters.
Example: FDIC, TVE, US Postal
Service
Board of Directors to create policy;
General manger to implement policy;
appointed by President with Senate
approval; budget appropriated by
Congress; government ownership of stock.
Influences on the
Bureaucracy:
Congress: creates new
departments, agencies,
commissions, controls
budgets, maintains of civil
service system.
President: Overall
coordination of the
bureaucracy; appoints
leadership, most times with
Senate approval; submits
annual budget to the Congress;
power to reform and
reorganize bureaucracy.
Problems with a bureaucracy:
Poor coordination between &
among departments, agencies,
commissions.
Rigid, maybe unclear guidelines
and regulations.
Huge bureaucracy in 20th Century.
A whole bunch of red tape.