Transcript Women - emcdda

Drug Consumption on
women in some countries
in Latin America.
Dr. Luis Caris U. de Chile
CICAD, Consultant
Lisbon 23 September 04
Changes at social level
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Globalization process: many thing that happen
in developed countries get now very soon to all
others countries and it changes the way to see
the world.
Technological changes
– Communication (cellular phone)
– CD, DVD, Cable T.V.
– Personal computers and Internet.
Free Market Economy.
Change or less importance of old paradigm: politics,
religion, integration.
Changes at social level
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The migration of people to live in other countries.
There is also an internal migration from people that are
moving from the rural communities to more urban
cities.
The concept of type of work used to be transmitted
through generations or at least for many years, now is
more common to change work constantly.
Change in societal view: before It was justice
and opportunity of all and now is for open
society.
Changes at biological level
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Change in the concept of youth now is from 15
years old to 25- 30 years old.
Changes in puberty at lower age.
Change in the relationship male-female. Friend
with advantage, living together.
Increase the age to get married
The couple live with other person before married.
Increase the number of years of education and
collage, specially for women.
Increase the life expectancy in many countries
Changes in the family system
The family in many countries is changing from
 Extended family or nuclear family with clear
role for males and females to :
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Nuclear family with small number of children or
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Family with only parent usually the mother.
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Family not married.
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Living alone.
Transformation on the women
role in the society
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There is a transition from previous concept to
new identity.
At the beginning
The women keep all the duties and roles such
as: been responsible for care, making the
foods, education, health of all members of the
family.
The women have others roles such as is also
responsible to get money for the family.
The women that are working outside the house
and also at home.
Transformation on the women
role in the society.
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At the end of the transition period the women
is having more control on herself.
The women can control the number of children
with birth control mechanism.
With the increase of education and wide range
of jobs, they could be able to increase the
social status and self steam.
They could feel more in control of her life.
Social and personal tensions
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It is important for individuals to build as sense
of meaning to their lives in a society that the
family is getting weaker, and they do not have
political or religious values.
There is lonely feeling, lack of communication,
less family members.
The community and the neighborhood does
not give the emotional support and the feeling
that belong to the group.
Family consequences in many
countries in Latin America
1. There are less wedding
2. There are more divorce or split marriages
3. There are more people living together without
been married.
4. There are more birth out of the married.
Risk Factors for women drug
consumption
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Family disintegrated.
Couples usually in conflicts
Overwhelming feeling with regards to work at
home and also at work place, without having social
support.
With the feeling that the work at home it is not
appreciated
Identity crisis that is clear when the children get
independence.
Risk Factors of drug consumption
among women
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Unsatisfactory sexual and affective relationship.
Withdraw from social and recreational activities
Inadequate use of the free time.
Lack of opportunities for training and developed.
To do routine task and with low profile.
Feeling emptiness and loneliness
Risk Factors of drug consumption
among women
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Men pressing toward the women to make her the party
companion.
To be scare of been rejected by friends and work mates
that use and abuse illicit drugs.
To have close friendship with drug dealers.
Lack of knowledge about the harm of liqueur and
others drugs in the organism.
Superficial Models of identification, wiliness of loss
weight.
Relation between drug consumption and sexual
behavior
SAMPLE SIZE
ROMERO,
L.
Quintanilla, A.
y 25 prostitutes
Year and
Country
RELATION:
DEPENDENCEPROSTITUTION
1981, Mexico.
Not always
ZAPATA, Coty
9 marijuana abusers
Clinical cases..
1985, Peru.
Not always
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ROJAS, Milton
65 Coca paste abuser
1996, Peru.
Predispose behavior
GONZALES, Leonel y 7 abusers of coca paste
OSSA, Luis
1996, Chile.
relationship
MOLLA,
Miguel
RAGUZ, María
1997, Peru.
ROJAS, Milton
y 50 abuser of drugs and
45 non abusers.
627 Abuse of illicit drugs
1999, Peru.
relationship
Highly significant
The prevalence of psychiatrics
disorder is double on female in
Santiago, Chile
Sex
N° of people
%
Women
569.079
33.6
Men
242.671
15.7
Total
811.749
25.1
Mental Heathl in Santiago, 1998
Some psychiatrics disorders
among women
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Anxiety and depression disorder
18%
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Depression
7,8%
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Generalize anxiety
4,7%
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More prevalence among widow or separated
women, or house wife, or unemployed.
Last year Prevalence of drug
(percentage)
Tipo de droga
Marijuana
Coca Paste
Cocaine
Anphetamine
Inhalants
Any illicit drug last year
none in the last year
Women
2.9
0.2
0.5
0.2
0.0
3.2
96.8
Source: CONACE, National Household survey 2002
2000
Men
9.1
1.3
2.7
0.6
0.2
10.3
89.7
Total
5.7
0.7
1.5
0.4
0.1
6.4
93.6
Data from Chile, Treatment
population, 2004
Plan outpatient
Total
Women
Men
1600
100%
361
23%
1239
77%
Plan Outpatient Intensive
Total
533
100%
Women
116
22%
Men
417
78%
Data from Chile, Treatment
population, 2004
Total
Women
Men
Plan Inpatient
371
44
327
100%
12%
88%
Total
Women
Men
All Treatment
3214
700
2514
100%
22%
78%
Data from Mexico, Treatment
population, 2002
Sexo
Men
Women
Total
Cases
%
15389
85.6
2589
14.4
17978*
100,0
Data from Ecuador, Treatment
population, 2004
Sexo
Men
Women
Total
Cases
%
839
90.5
88
9.5
927*
100,0
Gender is a variable that has
implication in:
The motivation toward the consumption.
 the characteristics of consumption (How
much, when, with whom)
Substances that are used
Stigma for consumption
Possibility of prevention, treatment and
rehabilitation.
Natalia, 15 years old, uses mainly coca paste. She
is with Jorge, they lived on the street, both used
drugs for 5 years they start with inhalants.
Women girls with consumption of inhalants and or
coca paste on street.
Health problems (nutritional, obstetrician )
Are at risk of pregnancy, abortion, and or STD.
Physical damage as consequences of the
consumption
School drop out, without formal training
Without family support.
Paulina, 22 years old, abuse of alcohol and cocaine, She
lives with her parents. Her boyfriend also abuse of cocaine,
She works at bar since he graduated from high school, she
helps to maintain her family
With high school completed.
Without labor training
Father or mother with consumption of drugs,
violence Bad relationship among the family.
Heavy consumption during the last month, age of
first use of alcohol is at 12 years of age,
Isabel, 40 years old, she used tranquilizers, and
alcohol. House wife, Head of the family, with 3
adolescents..
Head of the family for years.
Double time at work.
With difficulties to manage the adolescence of
their Children.
She knows her emotional problems, but the
alcohol consumption does not see as problem.
She cannot enter in treatment because she
does not have family support for her children.
Marjorie,27 years old, with 5 year of sentence 2
children are with mother in law.
She early are in the drug use, and dealer.
High school incomplete, without training
Husband is on jail
She have not see their children for many
months Charge for drug traffics
Without assuming her drug problem.
Claudia, 16 years old, student, use alcohol also
marijuana and cocaine. She has school problems and
family problems.
Consumption link to free time
without perception of the problem.
Parents away from the problem.
With episode of anorexia and bulimia.
Characteristics ………
They
come late to treatment, with long
process of consumption.
Social Stigma
Alone without social support.
With emotional problems
With low self esteem
Characteristics ………
Higher
tolerance to violence (I deserve it)
Self destructive behavior
When they have children they are not
taking care of them
Many times they ask for help due to
suicide attempt
Characteristics ………
They
are single of the relationship it is
deteriorate
They were abused as kid emotional,
physical, and or sexual
With history of drug use by parents
With Anorexia or bulimia
They have been abandoned by the mother.
Next Steps
There
is a need to assume the complexity and
dynamics of the problem.
They are increasing in many countries.
Important to promote the early detection.
Intervention according to the specifics need.
Increase the number of facilities.
Gracias
Thanks