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• Alternate methods to the traditional drug
delivery of injections and oral medication
are in high demand. The most popular
method is transdermal patches. They
transfer medication through the skin
contained in a patch directly into the
bloodstream. Several different drugs are
used in transdermal patches, and extensive
research is required to prove that the
product will be effective.
• Co- Director Michelle Bothwell
• Co- Director Skip Rochefort
• Mentor Iva Jovanovic
• Transdermal patches come in different
styles, sizes, and shapes.
• Different applications for the patches are
birth control, weight loss, hormone control,
nicotine addictions, and more.
• The purpose for transdermal patches is to
painlessly administer medications.
• Gram-positive bacteria- a prokaryotic cell
whose cell wall primarily contains
peptidoglycan, and lacks the outer
membrane of the gram-negative cell.
• Gram-negative bacteria- a prokaryotic cell
that contains very little peptidoglycan, but
instead contains a cell wall made up of LDS,
lipoproteins, and complex molecules.
• We will be using Gram negative bacteria,
• because Nisin and Ampicillin, the drugs we
are using, kill Gram- Positive bacteria. Our
E. coli and Horseblood represent the skin
matrix on the human being, and are both
Gram- Negative.
• Making the agar media- using MRS and
powdered agar,12 grams of Agar and 52.3
grams of MRS is measured out. Add 1000
mL of distilled water, place on a stirring
plate until thoroughly mixed. Then, to
sterilize, autoclave for 30 minutes. After
autoclaving, place back on stirring plate and
stir until it is cool to the touch.
• Setting up the plates- with large petri
dishes pour pediococcus seeded agar into
the plates (approximately 50mL), cover and
• place in Cold room. When solidified, remove
from Cold room and place prepared filters
onto appropriate zones. Cover and place in
incubator.
• Preparing the filters- using .22 micron and
.45 micron filters, pipette desired layers
and drugs. When dry, place on desired
zones.
• Analyzing the data- take the filters off
the agar media and measure zones in
centimeters.
• We found that the horseblood plates
produced the clearest and largest zones.
Because of this, we believe that the
horseblood was the best simulation of a
transdermal patch, and was the most
accurate.
• In conclusion, the pediococcus plates
treated with horseblood as the skin matrix
seemed to produce the best results. They
were nearly the same size as the filter,
showing that patched can be used to treat
very specific areas of the body. Since only
a few zones showed up with no zones made,
then we can assume that transdermal
patches work well, and efficiently.