Transcript Birth Control

Birth Control
What You Need to Know
Overview
Factors to Consider First
 Different Forms of Birth Control:
Hormonal, Barrier, and Others

Advantages
 Disadvantages
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How to Get It
What to do before contacting a clinic
 Clinics that serve teens
 Where to go for more information
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Before We Begin…
Factors to Consider First
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The birth control method you choose
should take into account:
Your overall health
 How often you have sex
 The number of sexual partners you have
 Effectiveness at preventing Sexually
Transmitted Diseases (STDs) and
HIV/AIDS
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 Some
STDs have no symptoms and can
cause long term damage, so you should get
checked regularly if you are sexually active
Factors to Consider First
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How well each method works (or is
effective) in preventing pregnancy
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Effectiveness is based on one year’s use. For
example: if a method is 98% effective, if you
use only that method for one year, and use
correctly every time, there is a 98% you will
not get pregnant in that year
Your comfort level with using the method
Any potential side effects. If you are breast
feeding, talk to your doctor before using
hormonal contraception
Abstinence
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Not having sexual intercourse at any time.
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Includes vaginal, anal, or oral intercourse
100% effective at preventing pregnancy
and STDs
The only sure way to prevent pregnancy
and protect against HIV and other STDs
While you can only get pregnant through
vaginal intercourse, it is still possible to
contract disease through oral and anal
intercourse
Abstinence
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Advantages
Free
 Safe
 You can remain abstinent while on birth
control
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Disadvantages
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If you might have sex with your partner,
it is better to plan on using birth control
ahead of time
Hormonal Birth Control
Oral Contraceptives
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Known as “The Pill,” it is the most popular
form of birth control (aside from
sterilization)
A pill is taken daily to block the release of
eggs from the ovaries.
Different types
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Standard pill contains estrogen and progestin
Mini-Pill only has one hormone, progestin
Extended cycle pills, (i.e. Seasonale), which
have 12 weeks of pills that contain hormones
(active) and 1 week of pills that don’t contain
hormones (inactive). While taking Seasonale,
women only have their period 4 times a yearwhen they are taking the inactive pills.
Oral Contraceptives
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Advantages
The pill is typically 95% effective at
preventing pregnancy. With perfect use,
it is 99.9% effective
 Oral contraceptives lighten the flow of
your period and can reduce the risk of
pelvic inflammatory disease, ovarian
cancer, benign ovarian cysts, endometrial
cancer, and iron deficiency anemia
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Oral Contraceptives
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Disadvantages
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Antibiotics and certain other medications (check
with your doctor) may reduce the effectiveness
of the pill in some women Needs to be taken at
the same time everyday.
A back-up method of birth control is needed if
you take the pill more than three hours late
The pill may add to your risk of heart disease,
including high blood pressure, blood clots, and
blockage of the arteries, especially if you
smoke.
If you are over age 35 and smoke, or have a
history of blood clots or breast, liver, or
endometrial cancer, your doctor may advise you
not to take the pill.
Does not protect against STDs
The Patch (Ortho Evra)
This is a skin patch worn on the lower
abdomen, buttocks, or upper body
 You put on a new patch once a week
for three weeks, and then do not
wear a patch during the fourth week
in order to have a menstrual period.
 Contains the same hormones found in
oral contraceptives
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The Patch (Ortho Evra)
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Advantages
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Low Maintenance: One patch per week
The patch is 98 to 99% effective at preventing
pregnancy
Disadvantages
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Same as those with the pill, including that it is
effected by medications and has a clotting risk
Less effective in women who weigh more than
198 pounds.
You will need to visit your doctor for a
prescription
It does not protect against STDs or HIV.
Depo-Provera
Sometimes referred to as “The Shot”
 Injections of the hormone progestin
in the buttocks or arm every 3
months
 It is between 97-99% effective at
preventing pregnancy
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Depo-Provera
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Advantages
Works for 3 months continuously
 Does not require daily maintenance
 Often stops menstruation completely
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Disadvantages
Women should not use Depo-Provera for
more than 2 years in a row because it
can cause a temporary loss of bone
density
 Does not protect against STDs
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The Hormonal Vaginal
Contraceptive Ring (NuvaRing)
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The NuvaRing is a ring that releases the
hormones progestin and estrogen.
You squeeze the ring between your thumb
and index finger and insert it into your
vagina.
You wear the ring for three weeks, take it
out for the week that you have your
period, and then put in a new ring.
The ring is 98 to 99% effective at
preventing pregnancy
The Hormonal Vaginal
Contraceptive Ring (NuvaRing)
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Advantages
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Low Maintenance: One ring every three
weeks
Disadvantages
You will need to visit your doctor for a
prescription
 Does not protect against STDs and HIV
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Intrauterine Device (IUD)
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Three Types
Progestasert (Plastic)
 Copper
 Intrauterine System (Mirena)
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All are placed in uterus by a doctor
 98%-99% effective
 Provides steady birth control for 1-12
years (depending on type)
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Intrauterine Device
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Advantages
Works for long periods
 High effectiveness rate
 Low maintenance: no daily pills or
journaling
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Disadvantages
Most be put in and removed by a doctor
 Does not protect against STDs
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Barrier Devices
Male Condom
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Male condoms are 84 to 98% effective at
preventing pregnancy.
Condoms can only be used once.
Condoms come lubricated (which can make sexual
intercourse more comfortable and pleasurable)
and non-lubricated (which can also be used for
oral sex).
It is best to use lubrication with non-lubricated
condoms if you use them for vaginal or anal sex.
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You can use KY jelly or water-based lubricants, which
you can buy at a drug store. Oil-based lubricants like
massage oils, baby oil, lotions, or petroleum jelly will
weaken the condom, causing it to tear or break.
Always keep condoms in a cool, dry place. If you
keep them in a hot place (like a billfold, wallet, or
glove compartment), the latex breaks down,
causing the condom to tear or break.
Male Condom
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Advantages
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Only latex or polyurethane condoms are proven
to help protect against STDs, including HIV.
Aside from abstinence, they are the most
effective way to prevent transmission of STDs
and HIV
You can buy them at almost any drug store,
grocery store, or gas station.
Disadvantages
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Lambskin condoms are not recommended for
STD prevention because they have tiny pores
that may allow for the passage of viruses like
HIV, hepatitis B and herpes.
Proper Male Condom Use
Female Condom
Worn by the woman, this barrier
method keeps sperm from getting
into her body
 Made of polyurethane and is
packaged with a lubricant
 Female condoms are 79 to 95%
effective at preventing pregnancy
 The only brand sold in the
U.S. is Reality
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Female Condom
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Advantages
May protect against STDs, including HIV
 Available without a prescription or
doctor’s visit
 Can be inserted up to 24 hours prior to
sexual intercourse
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Disadvantages
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Difficult to find (few drug stores carry
them)
 Locally,
available at Rite Aid
Diaphragm, Cervical Cap, and
Cervical Shield
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All are barrier methods of birth control; the sperm
are blocked from entering the cervix and reaching
the egg
Are 84-94% effective in preventing pregnancy
The diaphragm is shaped like a shallow latex cup.
The cervical cap is a thimble-shaped latex cup.
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The diaphragm and cervical cap come in different sizes and
you need a doctor to fit you for one.
The cervical shield is a silicone cup that has a oneway valve that creates suction and helps it fit
against the cervix.
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The cervical shield comes in one size and you will not need
a fitting.
Diaphragm, Cervical Cap or
Shield
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Advantages
 The relationship of the vaginal barrier
methods--the diaphragm, cap and
sponge--to STD prevention is not yet
clear. May offer some protection.
Disadvantages
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Before sexual intercourse, you use them with
spermicide (to block or kill sperm) and place
them up inside your vagina to cover your cervix
(the opening to your womb).
Barrier methods must be left in place for 6 to 8
hours after intercourse to prevent pregnancy.
You will need to visit your doctor for a proper
fitting for the diaphragm or cervical cap and a
prescription for the cervical shield.
Contraceptive Sponge
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This is a barrier method of birth control that was
re-approved by the Food and Drug Administration
in 2005 (Today Sponge).
It is made out of polyurethane foam and contains
the spermicide nonoxynol-9. Before intercourse,
you wet the sponge and place it, loop side down,
up inside your vagina to cover the cervix.
The sponge is 84 to 91% effective at preventing
pregnancy in women who have not had a child
and 68 to 80% for women who have had a child.
The sponge is effective for more than one act of
intercourse for up 24 hours. It needs to be left in
for at least six hours after intercourse to prevent
pregnancy and must be removed within 30 hours
after it is inserted
Contraceptive Sponge
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Advantages
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It can be purchased at a drug store.
Disadvantages
There is a risk of getting Toxic Shock
syndrome or TSS if the sponge is left in
for more than 30 hours.
 The sponge does not protect against
STDs or HIV
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Other Methods
Emergency Contraception
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This is NOT a regular method of birth control and
should never be used as one.
Emergency contraception, or emergency birth control, is
used to keep a woman from getting pregnant when she has
had unprotected vaginal intercourse.
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Emergency contraception consists of taking two doses of
hormonal pills taken 12 hours apart and started within three
days after having unprotected sex.
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Unprotected can mean that no method of birth control was
used.
It can also mean that a birth control method was used but did
not work – like a condom breaking or when a woman has
forgotten to take her birth control pills
The pills are 89% effective at preventing pregnancy.
Another type of emergency contraception is having the
Copper T IUD put into your uterus within seven days of
unprotected sex.
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This method is 99.9% effective at preventing pregnancy.
Emergency Contraception
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If you want the emergency
contraceptive pills (Plan B)
If you are under 18, you will need a
doctor to write you a prescription
 If you are over 18, you can get it from a
pharmacy without a prescription
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 More
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at: http://www.ec-help.org/index.htm
IUD has to be put in by a doctor
Emergency Contraception
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Advantages
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Provide a reasonably reliable back-up
source of birth control
Disadvantages
You will need to visit your doctor for
either a prescription for the pills or for
the insertion of the IUD
 Not all doctors insert IUD’s
 Neither method of emergency
contraception protects against STDs or
HIV.
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Fertility Awareness Methods
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Sometimes referred to as the “rhythm
method”
You do not have sex on the days that you
may be fertile.
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These fertile days are approximately 5 days
before ovulation, the day of ovulation, and one
or more days after ovulation.
Fertility awareness means that you can be
abstinent or have sex but you use a barrier
method of birth control to keep sperm from
getting to the egg.
Fertility Awareness Methods
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Advantages
Low Cost
 Natural
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Disadvantages
Most keep a written record of period
activity
 Does not work if you have irregular
menstruation
 Provides no protection against STDs
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Costs
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Only for barriers during fertile periods
Things to be Aware Of…
When a teen girl becomes pregnant, she faces three choices:
abortion, teen parenthood, or adoption. Each choice comes with its
own set of challenges.
Safely Surrendered Baby
How to Get Birth Control
Before You Contact a Clinic
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Discuss the idea of birth control with your
parents. If they approve, you can use your
family doctor and your regular medical
insurance.
If you use your parent’s health insurance, it
is very likely they will find out you have
visited a doctor.
If your parent’s object with you using birth
control, understand the reason for the
objection before getting it on your own.
If you are at least 13 years old, you can
access reproductive medical services
without parental consent.
The Costs
For more information
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Websites
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www.sexetc.org; Sex, Etc. is a
comprehensive and straight forward
website about sex for teens. A great
place for general information.
For more information
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Places to Call
Summary
There are many types of birth control,
but only barrier methods such as
condoms protect against sexually
transmitted diseases and HIV
 It is best to plan ahead. You can
remain abstinent even if you take
birth control
 If you are 13 or older, you do not
need your parent’s consent to contact
a medical provider about birth control
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Any Questions?