Transcript Nutritional Diseases - Veterinary medicine

Handling and Administering
Medications
4-H Veterinary Science
Extension Veterinary Medicine
Texas AgriLife Extension Service
College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences
Texas A&M System
http://aevm.tamu.edu
Objectives
 Discuss the measurement of calculated
dosages of medication
 Define routes of administration of medications
 Describe the instruments used in
administration of medications
 Handling Medication
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Storage
Dispensing
Measuring
 Administering Medication
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Instruments
Routes
Storage
 Very important
 Store products at
 Room temperature
 60°- 80°F
 Refrigeration temperature
 35°- 45°F
 Dry environment
 Dark environment
 READ THE LABEL!
 Product distribution
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Non-transparent containers
 Do not
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Translucent containers
Direct sunlight
Indirect sunlight
 So why is the sun bad?
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Reduces effectiveness
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Vaccines
Antibiotics
Hormones
 Guidelines
 Refrigeration or room temperature
 Dark environment
 Sanitary conditions
 Prevent contamination
 Loose effectiveness
 Source of infection
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Do save remaining products
 Dried products
Expiration date
Seal
Dispensing
 Properly labeled
 Manufacturer’s
 Veterinarian
 Types of dispensing
 Over-the-counter (OTC)
 Veterinarian
 OTC
 Prescription
 On-label
 Extra-label
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Regulations
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FDA
State boards of veterinary medical examiners
 TVMA
A label needs
Example
Measuring
 Drugs and chemicals
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Body weight determines dose
 Biologicals (vaccines, etc)
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Same dose for all
 Dose is on the label
 Quantity measurements
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Liquids
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Cubic centimeters (cc)
 Same as ml
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Ounces (oz)
Solids
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Milligrams (mg)
Grams (g)
Ounces (oz)
Pounds (lb)
Pills
Tablets (tab)
Boluses
 Animal weight
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Kilograms (kg)
Pounds (lb)
 Remember
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1 kg = 2.2 lb
1 lb = 0.45 kg
 Conversions
Pounds to kilograms
kg
lb 
 kg
2.2lb
or
.45kg
lb 
 kg
lb
 Conversions
Kilograms to pounds
2.2lb
kg 
 lb
kg
or
lb
kg 
 lb
.45kg
Convert mg/kg to mg/lb
m g kg

 m g / lb
kg 2.2lb
Calculate Total Weight Dose
mg
 body wt in lb  Total dose (mg )
lb
mg
 body wt in kg  Total dose(m g)
kg
Convert Weight Dose to Total Volume Dose
(concentration x total weight dose)
cc
 m g  cc
mg
For example
A drug concentration is 25 mg per cc, the total
dose of the liquid drug at the rate of 5 mg per
kg for a 44 pound dog.
 Calculate Dose (method a)
Convert lb to kg
44lb
kg

 20 kg
1
2.2 lb
Total weight dose
5 m g 20 kg

 100m g
kg
1
Total volume dose
Convert mg to cc
cc
100m g

 4 cc
25m g
1
 Calculate Dose (method b)
Convert lb to kg
5m g kg

 5m g / 2.2lb
kg 2.2 lb
Total weight dose
5 m g 44lb

 100m g
2.2lb
1
Total volume dose
cc
100m g

 4 cc
25m g
1
Convert mg to cc
Instruments
 How we get the drug into the animal
 Instrument depends on
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Drug
Dose quantity
Route of administration
 Syringe and needle
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Syringes
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Measured in
 cc
 ml
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1 to 60 cc in size
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Needles
 Measured
 Gauge
 24 –14 G
 Length
 ¼ - 5 inches
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Higher the gauge the smaller the caliber
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Common
 Dogs and cats
 20 x ½
 Horses
 18 x 1
 Cattle
 16 x 1 ½
 Drench syringe
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Large syringe with a nozzle instead of a
needle
Administer
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Liquids
 Oral
 Rectal
 Balling Gun
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Administer
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Bolus
Pills
 Paste
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Administration
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Oral
Anus
Intra-mammary
Route
 Parenteral route
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Clean aseptic conditions
Sterile instruments
Clean surface
Remove debris
 Types
 Enteral routes
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Disinfect instruments between animals
Clean conditions
 Types