Transcript Slide 1

Presentation 10
Analysing results and
defining cases
Sputum test:
M. tuberculosis = “acid-fast bacillus” (AFB)
• Ziehl-Neelsen stain technique
• AFB stained bright red, which stands out against blue
background:
• Other:
auramine-rhodamine stain,
fluoroscence microscopy
C1/M1/S3
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Smear positive:
• Enough AFB to be identified under microscopy
• At least 2 initial sputum smear examinations AFB+
• Or: 1 sputum specimen AFB + and radiographic
abnormalities consistent with active pulmonary TB
• Or: 1 sputum specimen AFB + culture positive for
tubercle bacilli.
= advanced disease
C1/M1/S3
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Smear negative:
• with symptom suggestive of TB
• at least three sputum examinations negative for AFB
• radiographic abnormalities consistent with active
pulmonary TB, followed by full course of anti-TB
therapy.
Smear postive
C1/M1/S3
smear negative = patients progress
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Case definition:
Once diagnosed cases are classified
and registered according to
- anatomical site of disease
- bacteriological results (including
drug resistance)
- history of previous treatment
- HIV status of the patient.
.
(WHO,2010)
C1/M1/S3
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Purpose of case definition:
.
• patient registration and case notification
• selection of appropriate standard
treatment regimens
• standardizing the process of data
collection for TB control
• evaluating caseload according to site,
bacteriology and treatment history
• cohort analysis of treatment outcomes
• monitoring of programme effectiveness
(WHO,2010)