Transcript Forced Migration Case Study: Zimbabwe to South Africa

Development and Health
Malaria
Malaria Treatment
[Date]
Today I will:
- Know the different ways to treat malaria and be
able to comment on the effectiveness of each
method
Development and Health
Malaria
You need to know [A] the different ways to treat malaria
and also be able to [B] comment on the effectiveness of
the treatments.
As we go through the PowerPoint fill in the worksheet
provided.
Development and Health
Malaria
1. Try to eradicate the mosquito (the vector)
Development and Health
Malaria
[A] Insecticides e.g. DDT and now Malathion.
[B] Mosquitos can develop a resistance to the insecticides
and they can have health implications. DDT banned in
developed world.
Development and Health
Malaria
[A] Mustard seeds thrown on the water that becomes wet
and sticky so dragging the mosquito larvae under,
drowning them.
[B] This is very wasteful, particularly in areas where food
is scarce.
Development and Health
Malaria
[A] Larvae-eating fish (such as the muddy loach) can be bred
in ponds.
[B] Fish can be an additional food source containing
protein.
Development and Health
Malaria
[A] Genetic engineering, e.g. engineering sterile male mosquitoes so
that they do not breed.
[B] This is expensive but very effective. In the Cayman Islands when
sterile males were released there was an 80% drop in the mosquito
population after 80 days in an 10 hectare area.
Development and Health
Malaria
2. Drugs to try and eradicate the parasite from the
patient’s bloodstream
Development and Health
Malaria
[A] Drugs like Lariam and Malarone can be taken orally
by the patient
[B] Larium has side-effects (nightmares) and malarone is
very expensive.
Development and Health
Malaria
[A] Qinghaosu extracted from artemisinin plant is a
traditional Chinese medicine to treat malaria.
[B] Generally well tolerated but the plant takes about 18
months to grow and treatment regimens can be too long
for the poorest areas.
Development and Health
Malaria
[A] Continued search for a vaccine.
[B] This is still not available and more money is being
ploughed into weight loss drug than malaria cure!
Development and Health
Malaria
3. Education programmes
Development and Health
Malaria
[A] Education on the use of insect repellents e.g. Autan and
covering the skin at dawn and dusk when the mosquitoes are
most active.
[B] This is not always practical.
Development and Health
Malaria
[A] Education on the use of Insecticide Treated Bed-Nets (ITN).
[B] Some areas of rural Tanzania people do not use bed nets as
they believe they trap in evil spirits which leave the body
during the night.
Development and Health
Malaria
[A] WHO ‘Roll Back Malaria’ campaign and The Bill
and Melinda Gates Foundation.
[B] Good, but billions of dollars must be raised.