Transcript Drugs & alcohol

ALCOHOL & DRUGS
Effects & Risks to Your Health
STUDENT EXPECTATIONS
After reviewing this Unit, you should be able to:
 Identify Alcohol’s pathway once ingested
 Identify the harmful effects & risks of Alcohol on the body
 Define Blood Alcohol Concentration & factors that
determine a person’s BAC
 Identify the differences between medicines & drugs
 Identify the differences between drug misuse & abuse
 Identify the categories of drugs, effects, & risks on the body
ALCOHOL PRE-TEST ANSWERS
1. TRUE – based on percentage of alcohol by volume
2. FALSE – Alcohol is digested by different organs in the body
3. FALSE – Alcohol is a Depressant (slows body down)
4. TRUE
5. TRUE – 5 oz. wine, 1.5 oz. shot of liquor, or 12 oz. can of beer
6. FALSE – BAC/BAL stands for how much alcohol is in the bloodstream
7. FALSE – only way to eliminate alcohol is through urine, sweat, or liver
8. TRUE – depends on a person’s BAC & other factors
9. TRUE –
10. TRUE
ALCOHOL: ITS PROCESS, TYPES, &
STANDARD DRINK
• Alcohol is referred to ethanol & is made through a process
called Fermentation – a conversion of sugar to carbon dioxide
and alcohol by yeast
• Fermentation will yield certain types of alcohol such as beer,
wine, and liquors (vodka)
• A “standard” drink is any drink that contains 14 grams of pure
alcohol or .6 fluid ounces
Standard Drink Equivalents:
• Beer = 12 ounces, Wine = 4-5 ounces, Liquor (80pf) = 1.5
ounces
ALCOHOL’S PATHWAY
 Mouth: Alcohol enters the body
 Stomach: some alcohol gets into the bloodstream but most goes to
the small intestine
 Small Intestine: alcohol enters the bloodstream through the wall of the
small intestine
 Heart: pumps alcohol throughout the body
 Brain: alcohol reaches the brain from the bloodstream
 Liver: alcohol is oxidized (burned up) by the liver at a rate of .5 fluid
ounces per hour
 Alcohol is converted into water, carbon dioxide, & energy
SHORT & LONG-TERM EFFECTS
SHORT
•
Relaxing effect
•
Slurred speech
•
Slowed reaction time, coordination, &
concentration ,& vision
•
Altered emotions
•
More blood flow to surface of skin &
lower core body temperature
LONG
Brain – disrupts behavior, learning, &
memory
Heart – blood pressure increases – heart
disease, heart attack or stroke
Lungs – damage cells of lungs to remove
fluids (choking), reduces immune response
Liver – organ responsible for filtering
alcohol from the bloodstream
- Cirrhosis = scarring of liver tissue
- Cancer
BLOOD ALCOHOL CONCENTRATION (BAC)
 Ratio of Alcohol to Blood in the body (%)
 5 Factors that influence a person’s BAC
1. Gender- stronger effect on females
2. Body Weight- A heavy weight results in more fluids to mix
w/alcohol resulting in a lower BAC
3. Strength & Size of Drink- Stronger alcohol content consumed,
higher BAC will rise & larger drinks contain more alcohol
4. Food- possible to slow rate in which alcohol is absorbed
5. Time- faster a person drinks, quicker their BAC will rise
BAC LEVEL
.08 BAC Level
Illegal for a person 21
or older to drive a
vehicle
Person is 11 times
more likely to be
involved in a fatal crash
than someone who has
had nothing to drink
.01 BAC Level
 Illegal for a person 16-20
years of age to drive a
vehicle
 All drivers under 21 who
commit a DUI can be
subject to a 6 month
driver’s license suspension,
probation, fined, or jailed
MEDICINE VS. DRUGS – MISUSE VS. ABUSE
Medicine – drug(s) that are used to
treat illness or relieve pain (tylenol
for a headache)
2 Types:
1. OTC (over the counter) – no
need for a written prescription
2. Prescription (Rx) – written order
from a doctor (anitbiotics)
Drugs- chemical substances taken
into the body that can change the
structure or function of body/mind
(increase heart rate or
hallucinations)
Misuse – Inappropriate use of
prescribed or non-prescribed
medicine, but not for
“pleasure” or other nonmedical purposes.
Abuse – repeatedly and
willfully using a drug in a way
other than prescribed or
socially sanctioned
CATEGORIES OF DRUGS
Cannabinoids
 Marijuana, Hashish
Opioids
 Heroin
-Smoked, swallowed
- Injected, smoked,
swallowed
Effects:
 Euphoria, slow reaction time,
distorted sensory perception
Risks:
 Frequent respiratory infections,
cough, addiction, memory loss
Effects:
 Impaired coordination,
slow/arrested breathing
Risks:
 Addiction, fatal overdose,
hepatitis, HIV
CATEGORIES OF DRUGS
Club Drugs
Stimulants
 Cocaine, Amphetamine,
Methamphetamines
 MDMA (Ecstasy), Rohypnol, GHB
 Known as Date Rape Drugs
- Inhaled, Injected, taken orally
Effects:
 Increases all body functions, i.e., heart
rate, breathing rate, anxiety, psychosis
Risks:
 Cardiac complications, seizures, nasal
damage, dental problems, addiction
- Swallowed, snorted,
injected
Effects:
 Lowered inhibitions, sedation,
muscle relaxation, confusion,
memory loss
Risks:
 Impaired memory, seizures, coma,
addiction & at risk to be assaulted
CATEGORIES OF DRUGS
Hallucinogens
 LSD, mushrooms, peyote
- Swallowed, smoked
Anabolic Steroids
 Man-made substance related to
testosterone (HGH)
- Injected, swallowed,
absorbed through skin
Effects:
 Increased body temp, blood
pressure, heart rate, altered
states of perception & feeling
Risks:
 Flashbacks (causes brain to
misfire & send incorrect signals)
Risks:
Males – reduced sperm production,
breast tissue growth (enlargement),
shrunken testicles
Females – menstrual irregularities,
take on male characteristics (deeper
voice, hair growth)
CATEGORIES OF DRUGS
Depressants
 Xanax, Valium
- Swallowed, injected
Effects:
 Slows down body functions
 Sedation, drowsiness, impaired
coordination/memory
Risks:
 Decrease in blood pressure,
breathing, respiratory arrest, death