Transcript RFID System for Hospitals - City University of Hong Kong

RFID System for Hospital
CityU Technology Transfer Forum
Advances in Wireless Communications
Edward Kai-Ning Yung
Department of Electronic Engineering
City University of Hong Kong
15 September, 2010
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A Vibrant City
Never-ending construction everywhere
Dusty, noisy, breezeless, hot & humid environment
High pollution, high UV & radon radiations
Hustling markets, bustling streets, & congested highways
Competitive market & equally competitive office
24-hour working day, 7 days a week
High-calorie diets, junk food, & irregular meals
No regular exercise nor vacation
Crowded and tiny living space
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Unique Health Care
New drugs from everywhere
Advanced facilities for better diagnosis
Well-trained professionals with the latest skills
Variety of sophisticated medical supports
Complementary herbal medicine
Excellent private hospitals
Trustworthy safety net: public hospitals
Exceptionally long life expectance
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Public Hospitals
High medical bills and expensive medicines
Highest Gini coefficient in the first world
Ill-affordable medical insurance
Everyone goes to public hospital, eventually
Overburdened staffs in public hospitals
Overloaded facilities in public hospitals
Erroneous drug dispense, injection, & surgery
Errors in transfer of patients (living or not)
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Miracle “Drug”
Reduces load
Minimizes error
Enhances performance
Provides value-added services
Introduces innovative applications
Saves lives
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Band Wagon
RFID has been identified by the National Government
as one of the areas of intensive development
It has also been identified by the Federal Government
(USA) as one of the areas of intensive development
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RFID
Radio Frequency Identification
Is it a new technology?
New wine in old bottle?
Old wine in new bottle?
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AIDC
Auto Identity and Data Capture
Hollerith’s Punch Card, 1889
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Logistics Management
Joe Woodland’s bull’s eye, 1949
Forrest Parry’s magnetic stripe, 1966
UPC barcode, 1973
EAN-14 Standard, 1974
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Electronic Age
Smart Card with microprocessors
Cryptography: credit card, ATM
SIM Card
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Contactless Card
Inductive and capacitive couplings
Frequency: 125kHz
Unique ID number
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Wireless Alternative
Electronic article surveillance: 134.2kHz
Proximity card: 125kHz, 128kHz
Ampoule for animal tracking: 134.2kHz
Friend-of-Foe, WWII
Leon Theremin, audio frequencies, 1946
Harry Stockman, back scattering, 1948
Steve Depp, demonstration, 1973
Charles Walton, RFID, 1980
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RFID Selection
Passive RFID:
HF RFID—13.56MHz
UHF RFID—900MHz
Active RFID:
LF—125kHz, 134.2kHz
HF—13.56MHz,
UHF—315MHz, 433MHz, 900MHz, 2450MHz
SHF—5800MHz
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Preferences
Absolute reliability, time-proven technology
Maximum flexibility
High security for drug control and prisoners
Upward, downward, and lateral adoptability
Speedy location of equipment
Fast search of professionals
Low-cost tags with adequately long life
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Requirements
Minimal changes to the existing practices
No health hazard to patients with pace makers
No interference on medical equipment
Advantages of other RFID systems retained
Weaknesses of other RFID systems addressed
Fast response
Life and death issues-cannot wait
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HF RFID
Category: passive RFID
Principle of operation: electromagnetic coupling
Frequency: 13.56MHz
Characteristics: RF lucent,
Range: 70-200 mm
Competitive edge: small and light tags
Inexpensive tag: ~RMB-1
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Applications
Public transport: Octopus, Oyster
Access control: estate, office, school, garage
Personnel management: conference, examination
Electronic cash: parking meter, convenience store
Inventory control: libraries
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UHF RFID
Category: passive RFID
Principle of operation: back scattering
Frequency: 900MHz
Smaller and lighter tags
Faster reading speed
Larger memory
Inexpensive tag: < RMB-1
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Cutting Edges
Antenna: directional
Power output: 4W, EIRP
Range: ~10 meters
“Simultaneous” tag readings
Slow moving targets
Non-line-of-sight detection
Role Reversal
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Pioneer Projects
Trace and track
Real-time inventory check
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Fantasy Realization
Theft-retardant
Counter-forgery
Anti-counterfeit
Expiry control
Surveillance
Accountability
Use in harsh ambience
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Weakness
Prolonged exposure to strong EM field
Electromagnetic interference
Ubiquity of used tags — privacy
Tags could only be made at the chip level
— lack of flexibility
Coupling between the strong output and
the weak feedback signals — expensive reader
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Active RFID
Energy source: battery, vehicle, power supply, …
Range: from a meter to kilometers
Coverage: omnidirectional, focused and confined
Memory: huge
Protocol: to be determined
Encryption: proprietary
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Weakness
1. Larger, heavier, and more expensive tags
2. Frequent battery replacement
3. Electromagnetic interference
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Recommendation
A unified system with a variety of
RFID systems custom-designed for different
applications
personnel
venues
objects
Occasions and conditions
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Semi-Active RFID
Tag with wake-up and RFID parts
RFID Frequency: 900MHz
Fixed and handheld RFID readers
Directional antenna in SD card
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Wake Up Technology
Frequency: 125kHz
Harmonics are well below that of medical equipment
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Semi-active Tags
Power consumption in sleeping mode: μW
Wake up upon detection of a 125 kHz wave
Switched to the listen-before-talk mode
Collision protocol: random delay
Return to sleeping mode:
after each transaction or a short duration
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Memory
Bio-data with recent photograph
Medical history and list of allergies
Relevant professionals
Next of kin and other relatives
Date of registration, wards, payment method
Prescriptions: medicine, operation, treatment
Special diet, personality, and others
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Personal Tags
Not-too-small tag for patients
Two CR2025 batteries could last for months
Battery-low indication
Name tag for staffs
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Wards
Wake-up energizer mounted on the ceiling
Wake up energizer turned on by demand
RFID reader: SD for iPod
Directional antenna on the SD covering 1 meter
Tag matching of patient and medicine
Location of staffs, patients, and accessories
Real-time inventory check of equipment
Tag matching before moving a patient out
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Movement of Patient
Distinguish between the movement of a patient
through a door from those walking near the door
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Corridor
Energizer turned on by motion detection
High gain antenna and low power output
Multiple antennas for better coverage
Active signage: VIP acknowledgement
Walking instructions: emergence
Record of personnel movement
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Operation Theater
Access for patient and staff at the right time only
Match of physicians and the patient
Verification of the patient and the treatments
Double check of additional equipment needed
Account of accessories/consumables used
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Other Tags
Tags with GPS and GPRS for patients
with Alzheimer disease in infirmary
Durable tags for equipment
Passive RFID tags for out-patients
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Mass Control
Reception hall for incoming patients
Medical treatments
Pharmacy/dispenser
Physiotherapeutic services
Shroff/bursary
Cafeteria/canteen
Disaster control/Escape route
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Future Development
Tag on soft waist-band or ankle-band
Application specific integrated circuits
Handheld reader for active and passive tags
Tag with organic liquid crystal display
Lithium polyester battery
Wireless battery charger
Passive tag on medicine for out-patients
Passive tag on consumables
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Passive RFID Tags
Passive tags on medicine for out-patients
Tiny passive tags for consumables
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Thank You
Questions and Answers
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