Transcript Plan Colombia - Personal.psu.edu

Plan Colombia
Nalee Ha
Richard Batista
Matt Schneck
US Problem
● 1980s-90s Crack Epidemic in US
● US War on Drugs
● Kerry Committee Report on Contras
○
Contras support from drug traffickers
Columbia Problem
President Andres Pastrana of Columbia during
elections in 1998:
“[Drug crops are] a social problem whose solution
must pass through the solution to the armed
conflict...Developed countries should help us to
implement some sort of “Marshall Plan” for
Columbia, which will allow us to develop great
investments in the social field, in order to offer our
peasants different alternatives to the illicit crops.”
Introduction - Plan Columbia
Overarching Goals
● Reduce guerrilla insurgency
● Reduce drug funding for ELA and FARC
● Increase Colombian military capabilities
Plan Colombia
● “plan for peace, prosperity, and
strengthening of the state”
● original plan composed by Colombia was
more focused on development and social
problems, but plan that
passed a little different
Passing Plan Colombia
● to pass in US, had to have direct link
● 90% all drugs in US was brought in from
Colombia
Passed Plan-What it meant for US
● US ended up enacting the $1.3B package
● up to 500 military personnel to train local
military and 300 civilians to help with drug
control
● a part of the “War against Drugs” started
under Nixon
Financing the Plan
Total Funding:
○
$7.5 billion:
■ 51% Institution and
Social Development
■ 32% Fighting Drugs
■ 16% Economic and
Social Revitalization
■ .8% To resolve
conflict with guerilla
groups
Breakdown by
Country
● $4.9B from
Columbia
● $1.3B from US
● rest from EU and
other support
Plan Objectives:
1. “Strengthen the fight against drug trafficking...”
2. “Strengthen the judicial system and combat
corruption”
3. “Neutralize the drug trade's financial system and seize
its resources for the state”
4. “Neutralize and combat violence agents allied with
the drug trade”
5. “Integrate national initiatives into regional and
international efforts”
6. “Strengthen and expand plans for alternative
development in areas affected by drug trafficking”
Presidencies
Bill Clinton served as president of the U.S from 19932001.
Andres Pastrana served as president of Columbia from
1998-2002.
-Father was president from 1970-1974
-
Clinton & Pastrana
Focused
on the eradication of cocaine destined for the
united states
Pastrana lead the negotiations between the Colombian
government and the leftist guerilla leaders of the FARC
and ELN.
- sectioned off a piece of the columbia the size of
switzerland for guerilla activity.
Clinton attempted to push the use of aerial herbicides as
a tool to control the production of coca plants.
George W. Bush served from 2001-2009
Alvaro Uribe served from 2002-2010
Bush & Uribe
The resources used to combat the war on drugs was shifted to
terrorism
An increase in funding made the colombian military much more
capable of fighting against the hard to capture guerilla fighters.
Uribe cracked down on FARC and ELN much harder than Pastrana
through the implementation of Plan Patriota.
Plan Rebirth-Farc response to crackdown-2008
Operation Espada de Honor-Continued pressure by the Uribe
administration
Barack H.Obama won both 2008 and 2012
election
Juan Manuel Santos won the 2010 election
Obama & Santos
Increase focus on creating a better economy by improving and investing in
agriculture,industry and infrastructure by Santos.
Obama declared a decrease in aid from 37 million in 2012 to 30 million in
2013
Negotiations between guerilla group leaders in Farc and ELN with government
officials also intensified.(Havana)
Over the span of two years more than 5,000 fighters were lost by these
guerilla groups.
-1,402 Cocaine laboratories dismantled
-90 percent reduction in illegal air-traffic
-leaving aprox. less than 7200 FARC and 1500 ELN
Discussion Questions
1) What do you think of Plan Colombia? In your
opinion, is it a policy worth following
through with?
2) Is it fair of the US to intervene in Colombia
with regards to curbing drug trafficking?
3) Do you think it’s feasible to shut down
cocaine production in Colombia?
Sources
http://colombiareports.co/colombia-army-claims-farc-eln-lost-5-thousand-guerrillas-past-twoyears/
http://www.colombia-politics.com/plan-colombia-farc/
http://colombiareports.co/us-cuts-colombias-military-and-anti-drug-funding/
http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1891&context=oa_dissertations&
seiredir=1&referer=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Furl%3Fsa%3Dt%26rct%3Dj%26q%3Dplan%252
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3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fscholarlyrepository.miami.edu%252Fcgi%252Fviewcontent.cgi%253Farti
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3DAFQjCNGwk0AeSI381xiUhabUTebn2CzwQ%26bvm%3Dbv.53371865%2Cd.eWU#search=%22plan%20colombia%20santos%22
http://www.americasquarterly.org/node/3787
http://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/file/resources/collections/peace_agreements/plan_colombia_101999.pdf
http://www.stratfor.com/weekly/colombias-new-counterinsurgency-plan