Transcript Economic Geography Unit 4x

Unit 4
Changes in Energy resources over time
 Kerosene
 Lamp oil
 Wood
Wood
 Deforestation
Coal
 Pollution
 Mining issues such as labor unions and mine safety
 Competition with oil and gas.
Petroleum
 Transportation
 Environmental considerations
Nuclear
 Contamination
 Waste
Solar, Wind
 Cost
 Aesthetics
Natural Resources
 Soil, Water, Forests
 Renewable
 Fossil Fuels (oil, coal, natural gas)
 Metals (gold, iron, copper, bauxite)
 Nonrenewable
Human Resources
 What is an example of a human resource?
 Teachers
 Workers
 Level of education
 Skilled or unskilled laborers
 Entrepreneurial and managerial abilities
Capital Resources
 Are goods produced and used to make other goods
and services.
 Availability of money for investment
 Availability and use of tools, machines, and technology
 Level of Infrastructure
Key words:
 Entrepreneurial - is like an owner or manager of a
business that makes money through risk.
 Infrastructure – Services and facilities necessary for an
economy to function.
Levels of Economic Activity
 Primary – dealing directly with resources (fishing,
farming, forestry, mining)
 Secondary - Manufacturing and processing (steel
mills, automobile assembly, sawmills)
 Tertiary – Services (transportation, retail trade,
information technology services)
Lets follow one product
through the different levels of
economic activity
 We will focus on Fish.
Unequal Distribution of Resources
 Interdependence of Nations - Trading in goods,
services, and capital resources
 The United States – would trade (Coal, wheat, and corn)
Uneven Economic Development
 Not all Countries are developed and require the same
resources
Imperialism
 Imperialism: Gaining control over nations in order to
gain their resources
 Great Britain – Claimed the new world (America)
Conflict over control of resources
 Iraq and Kuwait
 Conflict over what natural resource?
 Oil
Proximity of Economic Activity to
Natural Resources
 Steel manufacturing – Pittsburgh
 Coal – In our area
 Fishing Industry – Ocean
Non-Proximity of Economic Activity
and Natural Resources
 Japan – Is a major manufacturer but has limited
resources.
 UAE (United Arab Emirates) – Little industry but
abundant oil.
Resource Use and Culture
 The Culture of an area dictates how resources are used.
 Example: Cows in India
Social and Economic Priorities
What is a priority?
Economic Development Priorities
 Example
 Brazil - The rain forest is being deforested in order for
more cattle farming.
 This gives people jobs cutting down trees
Environmental Conservation
Priorities
 This means maintaining the environment
 Alaska - Saving the land. Parts where a lot of oil can
be tapped into is untouched.
 Trans-Alaskan Pipeline
Priorities of Indigenous Minorities
 Indigenous - are people or ethnic groups who are
native to a land or region.
 People who are indigenous to a region might use
different resources because of their beliefs.
Resource Use and Technologies
 Automobile
 Demand for resources to produce automobiles.


Metal
Glass
Examples
 Steam Engine
 Coal
 Internal Combustion Engine
 Demand for Gasoline
What is another name for gasoline?
 Petroleum
 Computer Chips
 Demand for Skilled Labor
Cost and Benefits of Resource Use
 Cost - Negative
 Benefit - Positive
Cost
 Resource Depletion – If you use all of a nonrenewable
resource there will be no more resources to replace it.
 Environmental Degradation - 1. Pollution (Oil)
2. Strip mining
3. Nuclear meltdown
 Health Problems – Black Lung Disease
 How do you get black lung?
 (Coal Mines)
Benefits
 Production of goods and services
 Coal used for Electricity.
 Employment opportunities
 Jobs created by using resources.
 Development of technology
 We can become more advanced in society.
Levels of Economic Development
 Differences in developed and developing nations:
 Access to natural resources
 Access to capital resources (investment in




infrastructure)
Numbers and skills of human resources
Levels of economic activity
Standards of living and quality of life
Relationship between economic development and
quality of life.
Levels of Economic Development
 A countries level of economic development is
measured by the following indicators
 Urban – Rural ratio
 Labor Force characteristics (primary, secondary,
tertiary)
 Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
 Educational Achievement
Factors that Influence Economic Activity
 Access to Human, Natural, and Capital Resources.
 Skills of the workforce
 New technologies
 Transportation and Communication networks
 Investment Capital
Location and Ability to Exchange Goods
 Landlocked Countries
 Coastal and Island Countries
 Proximity to shipping lanes
 Access to communication networks
Landlocked countries in the world
Comparative Advantage
 Certain countries seem to have a natural advantage
over other countries.
 Some countries have more natural resources!
International Trade
 Japan – Highly industrialized limited resources.
 Russia - Numerous resources, many are not profitable
to develop.
 United States - Diversified economy, abundant natural
resources.
 Cote d’Ivorie – (Ivory Coast) Limited natural resources;
cash crops exchanged for manufactured goods.
 Switzerland - Limited natural resources, but have
production of services on a global scale.
 BANKING!!
How trade has changed
 Technology
 Federal Express
 United Parcel Service
 U. S. Postal Service
Economic Unions
 EU
 European Union
 NAFTA
 North American Free Trade Agreement
 ASEAN
 Association of Southeast Asian Nations
 OPEC
 Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
The End
 Write a one paragraph summarization of this unit.
 Do your best this is for a grade!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
 7 Sentence Minimum.
 When you are done keep the paragraph in your
notebook and Read quietly.