Transcript Globalization and World views

GLOBALIZATION AND
WORLD VIEWS
CHAPTER 3 – ASSIGNED WORK
KEY TERMS, Q. 2 TO 4, 6 & 9
QUESTION #2: COMPARE THE
EXPANSIONIST WORLD VIEW WITH THE
ECOLOGICAL WORLD VIEW
• The Expansionist World View
• - the value of the world’s
resources lies in their
importance to society in the
creation of wealth and
other benefits for
humankind
• - science and technology
can control and tame
nature for the benefits of
humankind
• - nature is a resource to be
used not preserved
QUESTION #2: COMPARE THE
EXPANSIONIST WORLD VIEW WITH THE
ECOLOGICAL WORLD VIEW
• The Ecological World View
• - humans have a spiritual
relationship with nature that can
only be preserved if nature is
protected against exploitation
• - all parts of the natural world are
interrelated, so people must work
within limitations with its resources
as harming one part will have a
ripple effect, ultimately have
negative consequences for
humanity
• - how people treat nature is a
reflection of the state of human
society
QUESTION #3:
THE GAIA HYPOTHESIS
• What is the Gaia Hypothesis?
• Developed by James
Lovelock in 1972
• Idea that the Earth is a single,
living, self-regulating organism
• From bacteria to humans, the
Earth is one organism that is
interconnected and that
interacts with non-living
matter to modify its
environment in order to
maintain balance and in
order to survive
QUESTION # 4:
LIMITS TO GROWTH VS.
CORNUCOPIAN WORLD VIEWS
• The Limits to Growth Thesis
• - States that there are limits to population growth
because resources are finite (limited)and they can be
over consumed and even renewable resources can be
overused and damaged
• Based on Computer Models that predict that if current
trends in population growth, economic development
and resource use continue, within 100 years, Earth’s
carrying capacity will be exceeded
• Carrying capacity: the maximum number of people that
can be sustained by the Earth’s resources.
LIMITS TO GROWTH MODEL
QUESTION # 4:
LIMITS TO GROWTH VS.
CORNUCOPIAN WORLD VIEWS
• Cornucopian Thesis
• Earth’s resources are not finite because science and
technology will continue to find new resources to replace old,
depleted ones
• There need not be limits to growth as long as technological
development continues
GLOBALIZATION AS OPPORTUNITY
GLOBALIZATION AS THREAT
QUESTION #8: HOW HUMAN INTERACTION
WITH THE ENVIRONMENT CAN BRING ABOUT
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
• Cycle A – Global Economy of the Past
• Wealth is accumulated via degradation of environment.
Wealth = higher standard of living, more demand for
“things” = higher rate of consumption, further
exploitation of the environment.
QUESTION #8: HOW HUMAN INTERACTION
WITH THE ENVIRONMENT CAN BRING ABOUT
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
• Cycle B – Current Global Economy
• Degraded environment from cycle A causes less wealth
to be generated, creating a negative feedback loop
where environment continues to be degraded.
• At some point, there is a realization that this negative
behaviour is destroying our only home. (Are we there
yet?).
QUESTION #8: HOW HUMAN INTERACTION
WITH THE ENVIRONMENT CAN BRING ABOUT
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
• Cycle C – Future
Global Economy
• Our relationship with
the environment
becomes symbiotic
and a permanent,
long term strategy is
required in which
stress on the
environment is
reduced through
sustainable
development.
QUESTION #9: NEWSPAPER HEADLINES
– GLOBALIZATION, SUSTAINABILITY OR
BOTH?
“Internet use grows explosively”= Both!
• Sustainability:
• Globalization:
• Increased
• Increasing
communication can
contact among
lead to more awareness
members of the
about the negative
“global village”
due to better and impact of our behaviour
on the environment and
more efficient
increased sharing of
means of
ideas and technology
communication
to solve these problems
QUESTION #9: NEWSPAPER HEADLINES
– GLOBALIZATION, SUSTAINABILITY OR
BOTH?
• “US forest industry opposes increased production in
Canada” = Globalization
• Local production is affected by the policies of, and
political pressure from, other countries.
• “Dangerous new forms of malaria appear in Africa”
• = Globalization
• Diseases are spread much more widely and quickly
because of globalization (travel, etc. by air quickly
carry diseases from place to place).
QUESTION #9: NEWSPAPER HEADLINES
– GLOBALIZATION, SUSTAINABILITY OR
BOTH?
•
•
•
•
• “Governments struggle to meet needs of growing
number of older citizens” = Both!
Globalization
Sustainability
As populations in
Seniors do not consume as
developing countries
many resources as younger
grow older, immigration
people so they live more
will have to increase to
sustainable lifestyles. Also,
replace workers who are if death rate eventually
retiring to generate taxes exceeds birth rate, smaller
needed for pension
populations will consume
payment
fewer resources.
QUESTION #9: NEWSPAPER HEADLINES
– GLOBALIZATION, SUSTAINABILITY OR
BOTH?
• “Rising oil prices threaten prosperity of developed
countries” = BOTH!
• Globalization
Sustainability
• Oil prices change
As oil prices rise, alternative
according to supply and fuels become more
demand, OPEC pricing
competitive. Also, rising oil
policies and international prices cause travel costs to
political situations, all of
increase which can make
which are beyond the
people travel less. These
control of individual
behaviours reduces overall
countries.
Consumption and encourage
research and development
•
into other energy sources.
QUESTION #9: NEWSPAPER HEADLINES
– GLOBALIZATION, SUSTAINABILITY OR
BOTH?
• “China to allow more families a second child”
• = Both!
• Globalization
Sustainability
• High global demand for
More children will have a
Chinese products creates
negative effect on
economic expansion and
sustainability as more
wealth. More affluent
children increase pressure
families can afford more
on land and resources.
children.
QUESTION #9: NEWSPAPER HEADLINES
– GLOBALIZATION, SUSTAINABILITY OR
BOTH?
• “Poor countries demand debt relief” = BOTH!
• Globalization
Sustainability
• Debt relief is provided by
When countries are poor
developed countries and
they may not focus on
international agencies and the protection of the
banks like the World Bank.
Environment and the needs
of future generations.