Transcript Brazil
Brazil Chapter 12 Brazil Largest country in South America 5th largest in land and population=185 million Official Language= Portuguese Religion= Roman Catholic Life Expectancy= 69 years Capital= Brasilia Brazil is close to the size of the U.S. Two major landforms: plains and plateaus Northeast Region Along Atlantic Ocean- fertile costal plains Inland lies the sertao= interior plateau Tropical wet and dry climate Some areas don’t get rain for years which can lead to devastating floods Flooded desert Strong Portuguese influence 1500- Brazil became the world’s leader in sugar production African slaves = over 3 million over a 300 year span Flooded desert in Northeast Brazil Southeast Smallest region in Brazil Only 10.9% but 40% of population Extremely urbanized Humid Sub-tropical climate Fertile Soil helps farmers grow: sugar cane, rice, cacao Major crop is coffee Urbanization bc people want better life, city is beauty, excitement, Carnival, and economic health of Rio de Janeiro/Sao Paulo Southeast Favelas- a shantytown near Rio de Janeiro One journalist described a favelas as “The houses built illegally on hillsides or swampland, generally consist of wood planks, mud, tin cans, corrugated iron and anything that comes to hand. Some cling to slopes so that the dwelling are in constant danger of being swept away in the heavy tropical rain storms that burst over the city” Brazilian Highlands North of the southeast region high hills and plateau Humid and sub-tropic climate Capital city= Brasilia Brazil changed the capital to Brasilia from Rio de Janeiro to increase population inland. 1990 pop. was 1.8 million 2013 2.4 million Amazon River Region Largest but least explored/ 10 % of population Amazon River provides native tribes trading routes- key for survival Covers 40% of Brazil 180 tribes = about 200 thousand Indians Moist trade winds from the Atl. O cause this region to have around 80 inches of rainfall yearly Temps constant around 80F/ Growing never stops Rain forest is home to thousands of plants and animals Government has made conscious effort to preserve Indian communities Brazil Chapter 12, Section 2 Quest for Economic Growth Objectives What economical challenges are faced by the urban and rural poor? How has Brazilian govt. policies affected the economy? How has the economic development contributed to environmental change? Economic Challenges Urban favelas or rural northeast cannot feed, house , or educate their children No education= kids in streets= trouble Sertao- poor soil, scarce grazing land, droughts, and expensive farm equipment Subsistence farming Govt. Policies Govt. built steel mill, oil refinery, hydroelectric dam, and established banks that loaned to new entrepreneurs Thrived in 1950s and Brazilians started moving to urban areas for a better life Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro became over populated so the govt. decided to move the capital to Brasilia(interior Brazil Highlands) The city looks like a bow and arrow or air plane signifying a country ready to take off New roads in the Amazon Free land grants Successful Policies? 1/3 GDP = industry Gasohol- mixing of gasoline and ethanol(Sugar Cane) By 2000 more Brazilians worked in manufacturing than agriculture Poverty still exist in northeast region Impact of Urbanization on the Environment Amazon Rain forest provides 20% of world’s oxygen “Lungs of the world” Deforestation- removal of woodland threatens animal and plant species Soil in Amazon is not that fertile Cities are experiencing more migrant workers and more favelas Overpopulated cities Brazilian Culture Sports Soccer mixed martial arts Volleyball Dance Samba Capoeira Food Root vegetables, fruits, rice and beans, and pork/beef Education • Elementary- 6-14- can drop out at 14 • High school- 15-17 • College- public or private Social Issues Poverty= 35%=1996 2012=9% Crime= smuggling, robbing, kidnapping, and gang violence Lack of Education= free education but lack adequate amenities