Transcript Sustainable urban development

Sustainable Development in
Chinese Towns and Cities
By Nisal and Sam
Definition
• Improving the physical landscape, social indicators,
infrastructure and economy for today’s generation without
hindering the development for future generations
• Social, economic and environmental
• “The historical experience of human progress shows that
we should never seek development at the cost of wasting
resources and damaging the environment. Development
should be promoted along the road of high technological
content, sound economic efficiency, low resources
consumption, little environment pollution and full use of
human resources”. Hu Jintao, 2004
Environment (Green Spaces)
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$12 billion have been invested between 1998 to
2007 to strengthen environmental legislations.
Dongtan case study:
3.5km wetland + farmland left undeveloped
between the new eco-town of Dongtan and the
coastal region. Land used for growing crops,
meaning less economic loss if floods occur.
Plans to have 0 greenhouse gas emissions.
Self sufficient in water + energy. City provides
green transport methods such as public
transport, walking and cycling routes.
Only vehicles allowed in city are electrical or
hydrogen powered.
Energy produced by solar panels/wind
turbines/biofuels etc.
66% more efficient than neighbouring Shanghai.
2.3gh/person carbon footprint, average for city is
5.8gh/person.
China’s environmental protection sector is
planned to grow at 15% /year.
Sustainable Social Development
• Include: Human rights, Labour rights, Corporate Governance
• Insure that education, health care and shelter are provided to the
largest possible number of people.
• HDI 0.77-0.88 in the province of Jiangsu, including Dongtan.
• By providing adequate education to younger generations (a key for
sustainable development) a better health care system and level of
well being can be established, in turn providing higher paid jobs and
a higher quality of life.
• Polluting factories close to human populations moved or closed for
health reasons.
• Jobs are provided locally as is food and energy production ensuring
minimum carbon emissions by travelling as short a distance as
possible.
Sustainable Urban Development
• Taller buildings constructed to minimise
land used for construction, increase living
space without building over large area.
• Establish gardens on rooftops providing
recreational space, insulation, and filters
water for local consumption.
• Dongtan: construction is not yet underway
however accommodation will provide
space for 500,000 people by 2050.
• Modernisation of industry and further
scientific knowledge from FDInvestors have
produced steady improvements in the
efficiency of energy use over the past
decade.
Sustainable Energy Development
• Slowing down global warming
• 17% of energy came from renewable sources, set to
increase
• Subsidies for production and use of fossil fuels have
been removed to persuade companies to ‘go green’
• 12th 5 year guideline (2011-2015): Coastal regions will
turn from ‘world’s factory’ to hubs of R7D, high-end
manufacturing and service sector
– Nuclear power developed more efficiently and safely
– Construction of large-scale hydropower plants in SW China
– Non-fossil fuel sources to account for 14% of energy
Focus on Dongtan’s Energy
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Self-sufficient, reduce energy consumption by 66% in relation to Shanghai
House 500,000 people from rural areas
All energy coming from solar panels, wind turbines and biomass-based fuels
Minimum 20% of energy is covered by wind turbines
Maximum of 80% of city’s refuse is recycled and used to generate energy to
power for a combined heat and power plant
All buildings are zero-energy
Windows which face north have thermal glass to minimise need for heating
and therefore energy consumption
Reduce ecological footprint of Dongtan to 2.2 hectares per person. According
to World Wide Fund for Nature, 1.9 is the sustainability limit. Shanghai’s is 3
times the size
Was supposed to be completed by 2010
As of 2011 only 10 wind turbines have been built (corruption etc)
Still potential and planning (power of Chinese govt)
Waste
• Whilst landfilling is the dominant means of waste disposal, the
percentage of waste disposed by recycling, composting and wasteto-energy (WTE) has almost come to 50%
• There are currently 85 TE plants with plans to continue building
(100 by 2012)
• Since 2000, China has increased its WTE from 2 to 14 million tons
• National rate of recycling is currently below 10%
• Beijing’s rate is currently 52%
• Government planning to increase recycling rates in cities
• Recycled waste could save 25 billion yuan a year
• China is the largest importer of world’s waste (takes a third of
Britain’s recyclables and entire US west coast paper) to be used for
WTE and making other products
Economic Sustainability
• 12th five year guideline:
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GDP to grow by 8%
7% annual growth of per capita income
Re adjust income distribution to stop the widening gap
Firmly curb excessive rise in house prices
• Improve lives of ALL Chinese
• Improvement in infrastructure, social development
indicators
• No money= no development